Origin and dissemination across the Colombian Andes mountain range of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.

Abstract	The therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria is unevenly distributed in Colombia. The Andes mountain range separates regions in the west where malaria is endemic from those in the east and constitutes a barrier against gene flow and the dispersal of parasite populations. The distribution of dhfr and dhps genotypes of 146 P. falciparum samples from the eastern Amazon and Orinoco basins and Northwest and Southwest Pacific regions of Colombia was consistent with the documented levels of therapeutic efficacy of SP. The diversity of four dhfr- and dhps-linked microsatellites indicated that double- and triple-mutant alleles for both resistance loci have a single origin. Likewise, multilocus association genotypes, including two unlinked microsatellite loci, suggested that genetic exchanges between the eastern Orinoco and Northwest Pacific populations has taken place across the Andes, most probably via migration of infected people.
Authors	Vladimir Corredor, Claribel Murillo, Diego F Echeverry, Julie Benavides, Richard J Pearce, Cally Roper, Angela P Guerra, Lyda Osorio
Journal	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (Antimicrob Agents Chemother) Vol. 54 Issue 8 Pg. 3121-5 (Aug 2010) ISSN: 1098-6596 [Electronic] United States
PMID	20498318 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Antimalarials Drug Combinations fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination Sulfadoxine Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase Dihydropteroate Synthase Pyrimethamine
Topics	Alleles Animals Antimalarials (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Colombia (epidemiology) Dihydropteroate Synthase (genetics) Drug Combinations Drug Resistance (genetics) Emigration and Immigration Gene Frequency Genotype Humans Malaria, Falciparum (drug therapy, epidemiology, parasitology, transmission) Microsatellite Repeats Molecular Sequence Data Parasitic Sensitivity Tests Plasmodium falciparum (drug effects, genetics) Pyrimethamine (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Sequence Analysis, DNA Sulfadoxine (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (genetics)

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