Recovery of motor function after spinal-cord injury--a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with GM-1 ganglioside.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Spinal-cord injury is devastating; until recently, there was no medical treatment to improve recovery of the initial neurologic deficit. Studies in animals have shown that monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM-1) ganglioside enhances the functional recovery of damaged neurons.

METHODS:

A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of GM-1 ganglioside was conducted in patients with spinal-cord injuries. Of 37 patients entered into the study, 34 (23 with cervical injuries and 11 with thoracic injuries) completed the test-drug protocol (100 mg of GM-1 sodium salt or placebo intravenously per day for 18 to 32 doses, with the first dose taken within 72 hours of the injury) and a one-year follow-up period. Neurologic recovery was assessed with the Frankel scale (comprising five categories) and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor score (a scale of scores from 0 to 100, derived from strength tests of 20 specific muscles, each scored from 0 to 5).

RESULTS:

There was a significant difference between groups in the distribution of improvement of Frankel grades from base line to the one-year follow-up (improvement of 0, 1, 2, and 3 grades in 13, 4, 1, and 0 patients, respectively, in the placebo group and 8, 1, 6, and 1 patients, respectively, in the GM-1 group; P = 0.034 by the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test). The GM-1-treated patients also had a significantly greater mean improvement in ASIA motor score from base line to the one-year follow-up than the placebo-treated patients (36.9 vs. 21.6 points; P = 0.047 by analysis of covariance with the base-line ASIA motor score as the covariate). An analysis of individual muscle recoveries revealed that the increased recovery in the GM-1 group was attributable to initially paralyzed muscles that regained useful motor strength rather than to strengthening of paretic muscles.

CONCLUSIONS:

This small study provides evidence that GM-1 enhances the recovery of neurologic function after one year. A larger study must be conducted, however, before GM-1 is considered efficacious and safe in treating spinal-cord injury.

• Authors: F H Geisler, F C Dorsey, W P Coleman
• Journal: The New England journal of medicine (N Engl J Med) Vol. 324 Issue 26 Pg. 1829-38 (Jun 27 1991) ISSN: 0028-4793 [Print] United States
• PMID: 2041549 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• G(M1) Ganglioside

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Drug Administration Schedule
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• G(M1) Ganglioside (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Humans
• Injections, Intravenous
• Middle Aged
• Motor Activity (drug effects)
• Neurologic Examination
• Prospective Studies
• Spinal Cord Injuries (drug therapy, physiopathology)