Octreotide acetate in prevention of chemoradiation-induced diarrhea in anorectal cancer: randomized RTOG trial 0315.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

In anorectal cancer patients, an acute side effect of chemoradiotherapy is gastrointestinal toxicity, which often impedes treatment delivery. Based on previous trials, octreotide acetate is widely recommended for the control of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. However, the effectiveness of octreotide in preventing or controlling radiation- and chemoradiation-induced diarrhea is not known.

METHODS:

A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was designed to determine the efficacy of long-acting octreotide acetate (LAO) in preventing the onset of acute diarrhea in patients undergoing chemoradiation therapy for rectal or anal cancer. Between 4 and 7 days before the start of radiation therapy, patients received a 30-mg dose of LAO (109 patients) or placebo (106 patients) via intramuscular injection. A second dose was given on day 22 (+/-3 days) of radiation treatment. A total of 215 patients were included in the final analysis. The primary endpoint was the incidence of grade 2-4 acute diarrhea; secondary endpoints included treatment compliance, medical resource utilization, patient-reported bowel function, and quality of life (QoL). Statistical tests were one- or two-sided, as specified.

RESULTS:

After a median follow-up time of 9.64 months, incidence rates of grades 2-4 acute diarrhea were similar in both groups (49% placebo vs 44% LAO; P = .21). No statistically significant treatment differences in chemotherapy or radiation delivery, medical resource utilization, patient-reported bowel function, or QoL were observed.

CONCLUSION:

In this study, the prophylactic use of LAO did not prevent the incidence or reduce the severity of diarrhea and had no notable impact on patient-reported bowel function or QoL.

• Authors: Babu Zachariah, Clement K Gwede, Jennifer James, Jaffer Ajani, Lisa J Chin, David Donath, Seth A Rosenthal, Brent L Kane, Marvin Rotman, Lawrence Berk, Lisa A Kachnic
• Journal: Journal of the National Cancer Institute (J Natl Cancer Inst) Vol. 102 Issue 8 Pg. 547-56 (Apr 21 2010) ISSN: 1460-2105 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 20339140 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)

Chemical References

• Antidiarrheals
• Antineoplastic Agents
• Octreotide

Topics

• Acute Disease
• Adult
• Aged
• Antidiarrheals (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Antineoplastic Agents (adverse effects)
• Anus Neoplasms (drug therapy, radiotherapy)
• Chemotherapy, Adjuvant (adverse effects)
• Diarrhea (chemically induced, etiology, prevention & control)
• Double-Blind Method
• Drug Administration Schedule
• Female
• Health Resources (statistics & numerical data)
• Humans
• Incidence
• Injections, Intramuscular
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Octreotide (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Quality of Life
• Radiotherapy, Adjuvant (adverse effects)
• Rectal Neoplasms (drug therapy, physiopathology, radiotherapy)
• Severity of Illness Index
• Treatment Failure