Management of lipoprotein-X accumulation in severe cholestasis by semi-selective LDL-apheresis.

Abstract

Liver disorders characterized by prolonged bile stasis are often associated with the accumulation of an abnormal lipoprotein, lipoprotein-X (LP-X), in plasma. LP-X is separated in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) density range, but lacks apolipoprotein B and does not interact with the LDL receptor; LP-X can cause hyperlipidemia, cutaneous xanthomas, and worsening of arterial disease. We report the case of a patient with severe cholestasis, markedly elevated plasma cholesterol levels (26.8 to 31.5 mmol/L), mainly due to a massive accumulation of LP-X in plasma, and diffuse xanthomas. To reduce the elevated cholesterol levels, the patient was given extracorporeal treatment aimed at removing atherogenic lipoprotein (LDL-apheresis). LDL-apheresis was performed at weekly or bi-weekly intervals, either by a semi-selective technique using filters with a defined pore diameter (double filtration, DF) or by a more selective technique using dextran-sulfate-cellulose (DSC) columns able to bind LDL. The semi-selective DF technique proved more effective than DSC, removing 48% of total cholesterol (compared to 30% with DSC), and lowering cholesterol levels to 11.1 mmol/L in 6 weeks. DF removed both LDL and LP-X from plasma, whereas DSC selectively decreased the LDL content. The reduction of plasma cholesterol levels was associated with a complete regression of the xanthomas, supporting DF apheresis as a first-choice treatment for patients with massive LP-X accumulation due to cholestasis.

• Authors: G Franceschini, G Busnach, G Chiesa, C R Sirtori
• Journal: The American journal of medicine (Am J Med) Vol. 90 Issue 5 Pg. 633-8 (May 1991) ISSN: 0002-9343 [Print] United States
• PMID: 2029022 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Lipoprotein-X
• Lipoproteins
• Triglycerides
• Cholesterol

Topics

• Adult
• Blood Component Removal (instrumentation, methods, standards)
• Cholestasis, Intrahepatic (complications)
• Cholesterol (blood)
• Evaluation Studies as Topic
• Humans
• Hyperlipoproteinemias (blood, etiology, therapy)
• Lipoprotein-X (blood)
• Lipoproteins (blood)
• Male
• Triglycerides (blood)