Abstract |
Isothiocyanates, found in cruciferous vegetables, are anticarcinogenic. Racial differences in smoking do not fully account for the African-American excess lung cancer incidence. African Americans consume more cruciferous vegetables than U.S. Whites. Impact on lung cancer risk is unknown. The glutathione S transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene promotes urinary isothiocyanate excretion. We evaluated dietary isothiocyanates and lung cancer using a population-based case-control study of 933 African Americans and Caucasians (non-Hispanic U.S. White) from Los Angeles County, California (311 cases; 622 controls). Broccoli, cauliflower, greens, and cabbage food-frequency variables represented isothiocyanates. Isothiocyanates were protective for lung cancer risk. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the uppermost quartile > 80 micro mol isothiocyanates/wk, compared to lowest, was 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41-1.00, trend P = 0.02]. Association was stronger among subjects with homozygous deletion of GSTM1 (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31-0.86) than subjects with at least one GSTM1 copy (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.49-1.21). The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.16). Despite African Americans consuming more cruciferous vegetables, the isothiocyanate association did not vary by race (P = 0.52). Reduced lung cancer risk with higher isothiocyanate intake may be slightly stronger among subjects with deletion of GSTM1.
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Authors | Catherine L Carpenter, Mimi C Yu, Stephanie J London |
Journal | Nutrition and cancer
(Nutr Cancer)
Vol. 61
Issue 4
Pg. 492-9
( 2009)
ISSN: 1532-7914 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 19838921
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
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Chemical References |
- Isothiocyanates
- Glutathione Transferase
- glutathione S-transferase M1
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Topics |
- Adult
- Black or African American
(genetics)
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging
- Analysis of Variance
- Brassicaceae
(chemistry)
- Case-Control Studies
- Confidence Intervals
- Diet
- Diet Surveys
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glutathione Transferase
(deficiency, genetics)
- Health Status Disparities
- Humans
- Isothiocyanates
(administration & dosage)
- Linear Models
- Los Angeles
(epidemiology)
- Lung Neoplasms
(ethnology, genetics, prevention & control)
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Probability
- Risk Factors
- Sex Characteristics
- Smoking
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- White People
(genetics)
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