Efficacy of oral rehydration therapy solutions containing sodium bicarbonate or sodium acetate for treatment of calves with naturally acquired diarrhea, moderate dehydration, and strong ion acidosis.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To determine and compare the effects of 4 oral replacement therapy (ORT) solutions on acid-base balance, abomasal emptying rate, and plasma volume expansion in calves with naturally acquired diarrhea and moderate dehydration.

DESIGN:

Prospective study.

ANIMALS:

20 calves.

PROCEDURES:

20 calves up to 45 days of age were randomly allocated (n = 5/group) to receive 2 L of 1 of 4 treatments via oroesophageal intubation: sodium bicarbonate (150 mmol/L or 300 mmol/L) or sodium acetate (150 mmol/L or 300 mmol/L). The 4 test solutions contained acetaminophen (50 mg/kg [22.7 mg/lb]) and 50 g of glucose monohydrate. Jugular venous blood samples were obtained periodically before and after administration of the ORT solution. Abomasal emptying rate was determined by use of the time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration.

RESULTS:

Plasma bicarbonate concentration increased more rapidly in calves administered bicarbonate-containing ORT solutions, whereas the rate of systemic alkalinization, as assessed via blood pH, did not differ consistently among treatments. The 300 mmol/L ORT solutions were emptied at a significantly slower rate from the abomasum than 150 mmol/L ORT solutions, with no difference in emptying rate between acetate and bicarbonate-containing ORT solutions of similar molality. The 300 mmol/L sodium acetate ORT solution significantly increased plasma volume.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

Clinically important differences in the resuscitative response to 300 mmol/L or 150 mmol/L ORT solutions of sodium acetate or sodium bicarbonate were not identified.

• Authors: Ismail Sen, Vahdettin Altunok, Mahmut Ok, Alparslan Coskun, Peter D Constable
• Journal: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (J Am Vet Med Assoc) Vol. 234 Issue 7 Pg. 926-34 (Apr 01 2009) ISSN: 0003-1488 [Print] United States
• PMID: 19335244 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Sodium Acetate
• Sodium Bicarbonate

Topics

• Abomasum (drug effects, physiology)
• Acid-Base Equilibrium (drug effects, physiology)
• Acidosis (drug therapy, veterinary)
• Animals
• Animals, Newborn
• Cattle
• Cattle Diseases (therapy)
• Dehydration (therapy, veterinary)
• Diarrhea (therapy, veterinary)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Fluid Therapy (methods, veterinary)
• Prospective Studies
• Random Allocation
• Sodium Acetate (pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use)
• Sodium Bicarbonate (pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use)
• Treatment Outcome