Higher heart rate may predispose to obesity and diabetes mellitus: 20-year prospective study in a general population.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Emerging evidence indicates an association between sympathetic activation and metabolic syndrome. However, sympathetic activation in metabolic syndrome may be a cause, consequence, or just epiphenomenon. To elucidate this issue, the predictive power of resting heart rate for the development of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolisms after 20 years was evaluated in a general population.

METHODS:

A total of 637 participants (>20 years old) underwent a health examination in 1979 including measurements of blood chemistries. Resting heart rate (bpm) was measured by an electrocardiogram. In 1999, all of the study participants again underwent a health examination, including electrocardiogram and blood chemistries. Because four of them had atrial fibrillation, and 19 subjects were taking antihypertensive medication in 1979, they were excluded from analysis. Therefore, a complete dataset of 614 subjects was available.

RESULTS:

As was reported in our previous article, in 1999 we found a linear and significant (P < 0.05) cross-sectional relationship between resting heart rate and a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure (BP), free fatty acid (FFA), plasma glucose, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index). Baseline higher heart rate (heart rate >or=80 bpm in 1979) predicted the development of obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and insulin resistance in 1999 after adjustments for age, sex, and other confounders.

CONCLUSION:

This is one of the first prospective reports demonstrating that higher heart rate may predispose to the development of obesity and DM, suggesting that the sympathetic nerve system may play a role in the development of obesity and DM.

• Authors: Yoshiyuki Shigetoh, Hisashi Adachi, Sho-ichi Yamagishi, Mika Enomoto, Ako Fukami, Maki Otsuka, Shun-ichi Kumagae, Kumiko Furuki, Yasuki Nanjo, Tsutomu Imaizumi
• Journal: American journal of hypertension (Am J Hypertens) Vol. 22 Issue 2 Pg. 151-5 (Feb 2009) ISSN: 1941-7225 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 19151693 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Fatty Acids, Nonesterified

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Blood Glucose (metabolism)
• Blood Pressure (drug effects, physiology)
• Cohort Studies
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus (etiology)
• Fatty Acids, Nonesterified (blood)
• Female
• Heart Rate (physiology)
• Humans
• Insulin Resistance (physiology)
• Japan
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome (etiology)
• Middle Aged
• Obesity (etiology)
• Prospective Studies