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Deficits in motor co-ordination and attention at 3 years of age predict motor deviations in 6.5-year-old children who needed neonatal intensive care.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
A total of 189 children without major impairments who needed neonatal intensive care (NIC) were followed up at ages 3 and 6.5 years.
AIM:
To determine the prevalence of different motor deviations at age 6.5 years and the co-occurrence of attention deficits; also, to analyse the predictive ability of motor co-ordination and attention assessments at age 3 years for motor deviations at 6.5 years.
METHOD:
A combined assessment of motor performance and behaviour (CAMPB) was used at the 3-year examination. The Test of Motor Impairment (TOMI) and the Motor-Perceptual Development (MPU) were used together with the criteria of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR) to define motor deviations.
RESULTS:
At 6.5 years 64% of the children showed a motor deviation either as a delay according to MPU, a problem according to TOMI or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) according to DSM-IV-TR. Higher proportions of children with attention deficit (50%) were found in the DCD group. The predictive ability of CAMPB was analysed in two ways: when all children with either a co-ordination or attention deficit, or both, at 3 years were considered to be at risk for motor deviations at 6.5 years, the sensitivity reached 78% and the specificity was 42%. But when only the 3 year olds with a combined deficit were considered to be at risk, the sensitivity was 37% and the specificity 89%; however, a positive predictive value of 86% was reached.
CONCLUSION:
At 6.5 years of age a majority of NIC children with no major impairments showed motor deviations. To fulfil the DCD criteria in DSM-IV-TR, a strict definition of motor deviations is recommended. Attention deficits are more prevalent among children with DCD. Deficits in motor co-ordination and/or attention in 3-year-old children are strong predictors of motor deviations and, especially, of DCD at 6.5 years of age.
AuthorsE Hemgren, K Persson
JournalChild: care, health and development (Child Care Health Dev) Vol. 35 Issue 1 Pg. 120-9 (Jan 2009) ISSN: 1365-2214 [Electronic] England
PMID18991971 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Topics
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (epidemiology)
  • Child
  • Child Development (physiology)
  • Child, Preschool
  • Epidemiologic Methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Infant, Premature
  • Intensive Care, Neonatal
  • Male
  • Motor Skills Disorders (epidemiology)
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Psychomotor Performance
  • Sweden (epidemiology)

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