Postnatal inflammation increases seizure susceptibility in adult rats.

Abstract

There are critical postnatal periods during which even subtle interventions can have long-lasting effects on adult physiology. We asked whether an immune challenge during early postnatal development can alter neuronal excitability and seizure susceptibility in adults. Postnatal day 14 (P14) male Sprague Dawley rats were injected with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and control animals received sterile saline. Three weeks later, extracellular recordings from hippocampal slices revealed enhanced field EPSP slopes after Schaffer collateral stimulation and increased epileptiform burst-firing activity in CA1 after 4-aminopyridine application. Six to 8 weeks after postnatal LPS injection, seizure susceptibility was assessed in response to lithium-pilocarpine, kainic acid, and pentylenetetrazol. Rats treated with LPS showed significantly greater adult seizure susceptibility to all convulsants, as well as increased cytokine release and enhanced neuronal degeneration within the hippocampus after limbic seizures. These persistent increases in seizure susceptibility occurred only when LPS was given during a critical postnatal period (P7 and P14) and not before (P1) or after (P20). This early effect of LPS on adult seizures was blocked by concurrent intracerebroventricular administration of a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) antibody and mimicked by intracerebroventricular injection of rat recombinant TNFalpha. Postnatal LPS injection did not result in permanent changes in microglial (Iba1) activity or hippocampal cytokine [IL-1beta (interleukin-1beta) and TNFalpha] levels, but caused a slight increase in astrocyte (GFAP) numbers. These novel results indicate that a single LPS injection during a critical postnatal period causes a long-lasting increase in seizure susceptibility that is strongly dependent on TNFalpha.

• Authors: Michael A Galic, Kiarash Riazi, James G Heida, Abdeslam Mouihate, Neil M Fournier, Sarah J Spencer, Lisa E Kalynchuk, G Campbell Teskey, Quentin J Pittman
• Journal: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (J Neurosci) Vol. 28 Issue 27 Pg. 6904-13 (Jul 02 2008) ISSN: 1529-2401 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 18596165 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Convulsants
• Lipopolysaccharides
• Potassium Channel Blockers
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics

• Action Potentials (drug effects, physiology)
• Afferent Pathways (drug effects, immunology)
• Age Factors
• Animals
• Animals, Newborn
• Convulsants (pharmacology)
• Disease Susceptibility (immunology)
• Electric Stimulation
• Encephalitis (chemically induced, immunology)
• Epilepsy (immunology, physiopathology)
• Gliosis (chemically induced, immunology, physiopathology)
• Hippocampus (growth & development, immunology, physiopathology)
• Injections, Intraventricular
• Lipopolysaccharides
• Male
• Nerve Degeneration (chemically induced, immunology, physiopathology)
• Organ Culture Techniques
• Potassium Channel Blockers (pharmacology)
• Pyramidal Cells (drug effects, immunology)
• Rats
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley
• Time
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (immunology, pharmacology)