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Cardiovascular effects of xylazine and detomidine in horses.

Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of xylazine and detomidine in horses were studied. Six horses were given each of the following 5 treatments, at 1-week intervals: xylazine, 1.1 mg/kg, IV; xylazine, 2.2 mg/kg, IM; detomidine, 0.01 mg/kg, IV; detomidine, 0.02 mg/kg, IV; and detomidine, 0.04 mg/kg, IM. All treatments resulted in significantly decreased heart rate, increased incidence of atrioventricular block, and decreased cardiac output and cardiac index; cardiac output and cardiac index were lowest following IV administration of 0.02 mg of detomidine/kg. Mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced for various periods with all treatments; however, IV administration of 0.02 mg of detomidine/kg caused hypertension initially. Systemic vascular resistance was increased by all treatments. Indices of ventricular contractility and relaxation, +dP/dt and -dP/dt, were significantly depressed by all treatments. Significant changes were not detected in stroke volume or ejection fraction. The PCV was significantly reduced by all treatments. Respiratory rate was significantly decreased with all treatments, but arterial carbon dioxide tension did not change. Arterial oxygen tension was significantly decreased briefly with the 3 IV treatments only.
AuthorsA E Wagner, W W Muir 3rd, K W Hinchcliff
JournalAmerican journal of veterinary research (Am J Vet Res) Vol. 52 Issue 5 Pg. 651-7 (May 1991) ISSN: 0002-9645 [Print] United States
PMID1854087 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Analgesics
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Imidazoles
  • Xylazine
  • detomidine
  • Oxygen
Topics
  • Analgesics (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
  • Animals
  • Electrocardiography (veterinary)
  • Female
  • Heart Block (chemically induced, veterinary)
  • Hematocrit (veterinary)
  • Hemodynamics (drug effects)
  • Horses (physiology)
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
  • Imidazoles (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
  • Injections, Intramuscular (veterinary)
  • Injections, Intravenous (veterinary)
  • Male
  • Myocardial Contraction (drug effects)
  • Oxygen (blood)
  • Respiration (drug effects)
  • Xylazine (administration & dosage, pharmacology)

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