Venous
catheters are important therapeutic devices for the administration of fluid and chemotherapeutic agents; however, their use may be associated with serious complications, such as
catheter rupture and
embolism. Most data on
port catheter embolization consist of isolated case reports; only a few studies have examined a large number of patients with
port catheter embolism. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of clinical symptoms in patients with
catheter dislocation and to determine the role of
catheter fragment localization in combination with the presenting symptoms. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to Martin-Luther University Hospital Center from January 1994 to September 2005. In total, 41 patients with centrally dislocated
catheter fragments were analyzed. Most
catheter fragments were located in the pulmonary artery, superior vena cava, and right atrium. Of the patients in whom the
catheter fragments were located in the right atrium, right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery, 7.3% presented cardiac symptoms.
Catheter malfunction occurred in 39%. In 53.7%,
catheter embolism was found incidentally. The embolized
catheter fragments were retrieved by a goose-neck snare under fluoroscopy within 24 hours after the diagnosis without any complications. The mean length of these fragments was 11.6 cm.
Catheter embolism may go undiagnosed for a prolonged period and be found incidentally. In these patients, predominantly local symptoms occur; however, severe systemic clinical signs may develop. The risk of serious complications in asymptomatic
catheter embolism is unknown.
Catheter fragments should be removed to prevent further complications.