Sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2[PdCl4]) as an improved test salt for palladium allergy patch testing.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

In the last decades, palladium is widely used in dentistry. Allergic reactions to palladium are rarely diagnosed with patch testing, even when positive results would be expected. Palladium tends to cross-react with nickel, which should give rise to more positive reactions to palladium dichloride (standard test salt).

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the study was to test whether or not mono-nuclear sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na(2)[PdCl(4)]) in petrolatum is a better test salt for diagnosing palladium allergy. Positive reactions to the investigated test salt are compared not only with PdCl(2(aq.)), but also to NiSO(4(aq.)) and NiSO(4(pet.)).

PATIENTS/METHODS:

Concentration series of Na(2)[PdCl(4)] were carried out. 164 consecutive patients were patch tested.

RESULTS:

3% of Na(2)[PdCl(4)]((pet.)) was found to be the highest non-irritative concentration. The results show (n = 164) that Na(2)[PdCl(4)] covers all reactions to PdCl(2) (1.8%) and provokes more positive reactions (14%). From the 164 patients, 18.3% reacted positively to at least 1 of the nickel salts.

CONCLUSION:

The sensitivity of patch testing with Na(2)[PdCl(4)] is increased compared with the PdCl(2) salt. Therefore, it can be concluded that Na(2)[PdCl(4)] is to be a better test salt for diagnosing palladium allergy with patch testing.

• Authors: Joris Muris, Cornelis J Kleverlaan, Albert J Feilzer, Thomas Rustemeyer
• Journal: Contact dermatitis (Contact Dermatitis) Vol. 58 Issue 1 Pg. 42-6 (Jan 2008) ISSN: 1600-0536 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 18154558 (Publication Type: Evaluation Study, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• tetrachloropalladium
• nickel sulfate
• Palladium
• Nickel
• palladium chloride

Topics

• Adult
• Cross Reactions
• Dermatitis, Allergic Contact (diagnosis, etiology)
• False Negative Reactions
• Humans
• Nickel (adverse effects)
• Palladium (adverse effects)
• Patch Tests (methods)
• Sensitivity and Specificity
• Statistics, Nonparametric