Vitamin K1 versus vitamin K3 for prevention of subclinical vitamin deficiency: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To compare efficacy of intramuscular phytomenadione (fat soluble vitamin K or vitamin K1) with menadione (water soluble vitamin K or vitamin K3) in prevention of subclinical vitamin K deficiency.

DESIGN:

A doubleblind randomized controlled trial.

SETTINGS:

Tertiary care hospital.

METHODS:

Healthy term neonates were randomized to receive 1 mg of either phytomenadione (Group I, n = 85) or menadione (Group II, n = 85) intramuscularly within 2 hours of birth. PIVKA-II, a sensitive and specific marker of vitamin K deficiency was measured by ELISA method (Diagnostica Stago, France). Plasma level > 2 ng/mL was labeled as detectable PIVKA-II.

RESULTS:

Birth weight (2914 +/- 318 vs 2958 +/- 312 g), gestation (38.4 +/- 1.2 vs 38.4 +/- 1.0 wk) and other baseline variables were comparable between the two groups. 48.2% (41/85) neonates in Group I and 44.7%(38/85) neonates in Group II had detectable PIVKAII levels ([Relative Risk (95% confidence interval): 1.1 (0.8-1.5); P = 0.76]). Median PIVKA-II levels in Group I and Group II were 1.99 ng/mL and 1.97 ng/mL respectively (P = 0.26). At 72 +/- 12 h of age, mean packed cell volume and mean serum bilirubin levels were comparable in the two groups.

CONCLUSION:

Comparable PIVKAII detection rate and PIVKAII levels in neonates receiving phytomenadione or menadione indicate their similar efficacy in prevention of vitamin K deficiency. However, high PIVKAII detection rate observed with both preparations indicates recent vitamin K deficiency and may be due to either inadequate dose of vitamin K or persistence of PIVKAII of fetal origin.

• Authors: D Chawla, A K Deorari, R Saxena, V K Paul, R Agarwal, A Biswas, A Meena
• Journal: Indian pediatrics (Indian Pediatr) Vol. 44 Issue 11 Pg. 817-22 (Nov 2007) ISSN: 0974-7559 [Electronic] India
• PMID: 18057477 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Protein Precursors
• Vitamins
• acarboxyprothrombin
• Vitamin K 3
• Vitamin K 1
• Prothrombin

Topics

• Biomarkers (blood)
• Humans
• Infant, Newborn
• Protein Precursors (blood)
• Prothrombin
• Vitamin K 1 (therapeutic use)
• Vitamin K 3 (therapeutic use)
• Vitamin K Deficiency (diagnosis, prevention & control)
• Vitamins (therapeutic use)