Incomplete adherence to an adjunctive systemic antibiotic regimen decreases clinical outcomes in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients: a pilot retrospective study.

Abstract

AIM:

The objective of this study was to explore the effect of incomplete adherence to the prescribed antibiotic regimen, amoxicillin and metronidazole, in the non-surgical treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP).

METHODS:

This retrospective study included 18 GAP subjects who received a conventional course of full-mouth non-surgical periodontal treatment using machine-driven and hand instruments and an adjunctive course of systemic antibiotics (500 mg amoxicillin and 500 mg metronidazole three times a day for 7 days). Clinical parameters were collected at baseline and at 2 months post-treatment. Self-reported adherence to the prescribed medication regimen was recorded at 2 months.

RESULTS:

All clinical parameters, except for the mean clinical attachment level (CAL) in sites with initial probing pocket depth (PPD) < or = 3 mm, improved at 2 months in all subjects. PPD reduction was 3.7 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2, 4.3 mm] in deep pockets (> or = 7 mm) and 2.2 mm (95% CI 1.9, 2.4 mm) in moderate pockets (4-6 mm), while CAL gain was 2.2 mm (95% CI 1.7, 2.6 mm) and 1.2 mm (95% CI 0.8, 1.5 mm), respectively. However, only 11 subjects (61.1%) reported full adherence to the medication. In deep pockets (> or = 7 mm), the difference between an adherent and non-adherent/partially adherent subject was 0.9 mm (95% CI 0.1, 1.7 mm, ancova, p=0.027) in PPD reduction and 0.8 mm (95% CI -0.2, 1.9, p=0.129) in CAL gain at 2 months. In moderate pockets (4-6 mm) this difference was smaller in magnitude: 0.4 mm (95% CI 0.1, 0.9 mm, p=0.036) in PPD reduction and 0.2 mm (95% CI -0.3, 0.9 mm, p=0.332) in CAL gain.

CONCLUSIONS:

Within the limits of this design, these data suggest that incomplete adherence to a 7-day adjunctive course of systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin is associated with decreased clinical outcomes in subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis.

• Authors: Adrian Guerrero, Jose J Echeverría, Maurizio S Tonetti
• Journal: Journal of clinical periodontology (J Clin Periodontol) Vol. 34 Issue 10 Pg. 897-902 (Oct 2007) ISSN: 0303-6979 [Print] United States
• PMID: 17711478 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Anti-Infective Agents
• Metronidazole
• Amoxicillin

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Amoxicillin (administration & dosage)
• Anti-Infective Agents (administration & dosage)
• Epidemiologic Methods
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Metronidazole (administration & dosage)
• Periodontitis (diagnostic imaging, drug therapy)
• Radiography
• Treatment Refusal