The dried fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida have been used traditionally as
oriental medicine and local soft drink material recently. Previously, we demonstrated that C. pinnatifida exhibited anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory potential. To clarify the active components in anti-transformation and anti-
tumor promotion, we collected the
polyphenol fraction (CF-TP) of hot-water extracts from dried fruits of C. pinnatifida for the following study. By anchorage-independent transformation assay, CF-TP significantly inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cell transformation in JB6 P(+) cells. Moreover, we found that CF-TP inhibited the expression of
osteopontin (OPN), a transformational marker, and the activation of
NF-kappaB and
AP-1 induced by TPA in JB6 P(+) cells. In addition, we evaluated the effect of CF-TP on TPA application to ICR mouse skin with measurement of H(2)O(2) production,
myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity,
edema formation, epidermal thickness and leukocyte infiltration. As a result, CF-TP significantly inhibited the generation of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phenomena of
inflammation induced by TPA. It also suppressed the expression of COX-2 and iNOS, and the activation of
ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Furthermore, CF-TP inhibited
benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)/TPA-induced skin
tumor formation and decreased the incidence of
tumor. These results indicate that CF-TP possesses potential as a
cancer chemopreventive agent against
tumor promotion.