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Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
Exenatide, an incretin mimetic for adjunctive treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), reduced glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and weight in 30-week placebo-controlled trials. Some patients were followed up in open-label extensions to provide 'real-world' exenatide clinical experience.
OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of 2 years of exenatide treatment in patients with T2DM.
METHODS:
For this interim analysis, data were pooled from patients who completed 1 of three 30-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and their open-label extensions. In the initial trials, subjects were randomized to BID 5-microg exenatide, 10-microg exenatide, or placebo for 30 weeks. All subjects who enrolled in the extension phase then received 5-pg exenatide BID for 4 weeks, followed by open-label treatment with 10-pg exenatide BID. Subjects continued their existing metformin and/or sulfonylurea regimens. Analyses were conducted on data from all subjects who had the opportunity to achieve 2 years of exenatide exposure, irrespective of their treatment arm in the 30-week placebo-controlled trials.
RESULTS:
A total of 974 patients entered the open-label, extension phase of the trial. Two hundred eighty-three subjects (mean [SD] age, 57 [10] years; mean [SD] weight, 100[19] kg; sex, 63% male; mean [SD] body mass index, 34 [6] kg/m(2); mean [SD] HbA(1c), 8.3% [1.0%]) completed 2 years of exenatide treatment. Reductions in mean (SE) HbA(1c) from baseline to week 30 (-0.9% [0.1%]) were sustained through 2 years (-1.1% [0.1%]; P < 0.05 vs baseline), with 50% of the population achieving HbA(1c) < or = 7%. At week 30, exenatide was associated with a significant reduction in mean (SD) body weight from baseline (-2.1 [0.2] kg), with progressive reductions after 2 years (-4.7 [0.3] kg; P < 0.001 vs baseline). Patients with normal baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (132/283 [47%]; normal: female < or =19 IU/L; male < or =30 IU/L) had no significant ALT change. However, patients with elevated ALT at baseline (151/283 [53%]) had a mean (SEM) reduction of ALT (-11 [1] IU/L from baseline 38 [1] IU/1; P < 0.05) and 39% achieved normal ALT by week 104. Patients with elevated ALT at baseline lost significantly more weight than patients with normal ALT at baseline (P = 0.04). However, weight change was minimally correlated with baseline ALT (r = -0.09) or ALT change (r = 0.31). Also, homeostasis model assessment of the beta-cell function (HOMA-B), blood pressure, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) all improved. The most frequently reported adverse event was mild-to-moderate nausea.
CONCLUSIONS:
In these patients with T2DM, adjunctive exenatide treatment for 2 years was generally well tolerated and resulted in a sustained reduction of HbA(1c), progressive reduction in weight, and improvements in HOMA-B, blood pressure, and the hepatic injury biomarkers, AST and ALT.
AuthorsJohn B Buse, David C Klonoff, Loretta L Nielsen, Xuesong Guan, Christopher L Bowlus, John H Holcombe, David G Maggs, Matthew E Wintle
JournalClinical therapeutics (Clin Ther) Vol. 29 Issue 1 Pg. 139-53 (Jan 2007) ISSN: 0149-2918 [Print] United States
PMID17379054 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Biomarkers
  • Glycated Hemoglobin A
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Peptides
  • Sulfonylurea Compounds
  • Venoms
  • Metformin
  • Exenatide
  • Aspartate Aminotransferases
  • Alanine Transaminase
Topics
  • Aged
  • Alanine Transaminase (drug effects, metabolism)
  • Aspartate Aminotransferases (drug effects, metabolism)
  • Biomarkers
  • Blood Pressure (drug effects)
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (drug therapy)
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Drug Administration Schedule
  • Exenatide
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Glycated Hemoglobin (drug effects)
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents (administration & dosage, adverse effects, pharmacology)
  • Insulin-Secreting Cells (drug effects)
  • Liver Function Tests
  • Male
  • Metformin (therapeutic use)
  • Middle Aged
  • Obesity (drug therapy)
  • Peptides (administration & dosage, adverse effects, pharmacology)
  • Sulfonylurea Compounds (therapeutic use)
  • Venoms (administration & dosage, adverse effects, pharmacology)
  • Weight Loss (drug effects)

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