The present study investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
biomarkers for estimating degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) in experimental dogs with
GM1 gangliosidosis and preliminarily evaluated the efficacy of long-term
glucocorticoid therapy for
GM1 gangliosidosis using the
biomarkers identified here.
GM1 gangliosidosis, a
lysosomal storage disease that affects the brain and multiple systemic organs, is due to an autosomal recessively inherited deficiency of
acid beta-galactosidase activity. Pathogenesis of
GM1 gangliosidosis may include neuronal apoptosis and abnormal axoplasmic transport and inflammatory response, which are perhaps consequent to massive neuronal storage of
GM1 ganglioside. In the present study, we assessed some possible CSF
biomarkers, such as
GM1 ganglioside,
aspartate aminotransferase (AST),
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),
neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and
myelin basic protein (MBP). Periodic studies demonstrated that
GM1 ganglioside concentration, activities of AST and LDH, and concentrations of NSE and MBP in CSF were significantly higher in dogs with
GM1 gangliosidosis than those in control dogs, and their changes were well related with the months of age and
clinical course. In conclusion,
GM1 ganglioside, AST, LDH, NSE and MBP could be utilized as CSF
biomarkers showing CNS degeneration in dogs with
GM1 gangliosidosis to evaluate the efficacy of novel
therapies proposed for this disease. In addition, we preliminarily treated an affected dog with long-term
oral administration of
prednisolone and evaluated the efficacy of this therapeutic trial using CSF
biomarkers determined in the present study. However, this treatment did not change either the
clinical course or the CSF
biomarkers of the affected dog, suggesting that
glucocorticoid therapy would not be effective for treating
GM1 gangliosidosis.