Intravenous nalbuphine 50 microg x kg(-1) is ineffective for opioid-induced pruritus in pediatrics.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

This investigation evaluated the efficacy of nalbuphine in treating postoperative opioid-induced pruritus (Pr) in pediatric patients.

METHODS:

After Ethics Board approval, the dual site, tertiary care teaching centre study recruited 212 subjects, age > or = seven years, who received opioid analgesia postoperatively. A modified, self-report colour analogue scale (CAS) scored pruritus intensity (PrI). Subjects who reported PrI score > or = 5/10 were randomized to treatment with nalbuphine 50 microg x kg(-1) iv (max 5 mg) or saline placebo. A pruritus intensity difference (PrID) > or = 50% was considered a positive outcome.

RESULTS:

Of 260 subjects approached, 212 consented and 184 received opioids. Median age was 13 yr (range 7-19) and median weight was 51 kg (range 19.6-134.8 kg). Pruritus intensity > or = 5/10 occurred in 37 (20.1%) subjects. Intravenous morphine [patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)/continuous infusion] was associated with Pr in 68% of subjects over a wide dose range (9.4-63.2 mug.kg(-1).hr(-1)). Pruritus occurred in 36% of patients in the PCA group compared to continuous opioid infusion (27%) and epidural administration (27%). Pruritus intensity difference > or = 50% was achieved in 55.6% of nalbuphine and 57.9% of saline-treated subjects.

CONCLUSION:

This preliminary report suggests that nalbuphine 50 microg x kg(-1) iv is not effective in treating postoperative opioid-induced pruritus in pediatric patients. The modified CAS score and PrID warrant further investigation.

• Authors: Nao Nakatsuka, Sean C Minogue, Joanne Lim, Carolyne J Montgomery, Colleen A Court, Stephan Malherbe, Yvonne Csanyi-Fritz, Ramona A Kearney, Leeann Phillips, Kathy Reid, Justin Kingsley, J Mark Ansermino
• Journal: Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie (Can J Anaesth) Vol. 53 Issue 11 Pg. 1103-10 (Nov 2006) ISSN: 0832-610X [Print] United States
• PMID: 17079637 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial)

Chemical References

• Analgesics, Opioid
• Narcotic Antagonists
• Nalbuphine

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Analgesics, Opioid (adverse effects)
• Child
• Data Collection
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Double-Blind Method
• Female
• Humans
• Injections, Intravenous
• Male
• Nalbuphine (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Narcotic Antagonists (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Prospective Studies
• Pruritus (chemically induced, drug therapy)