Protein kinase B/Akt modulates nephrotoxicant-induced necrosis in renal cells.

Abstract

Protein kinase B (Akt) activation is well known for its protective effects against apoptosis. However, the role of Akt in regulation of necrosis is unknown. This study was designed to test whether Akt activation protects against nephrotoxicant-induced injury and death in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC). Exposure of primary cultures of RPTC to the nephrotoxic cysteine conjugate, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine (DCVC), resulted in 9% apoptosis and 30% necrosis at 24 h following the exposure. Akt was activated during 8 h but not at 24 h following toxicant exposure. No RPTC necrosis was observed during Akt activation. Blocking Akt activation using a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002 (20 muM), or expressing dominant negative (inactive) Akt increased DCVC-induced RPTC necrosis to 42%. In contrast, Akt activation by expression of constitutively active Akt diminished necrosis to 15%. Modulation of Akt activity had no effect on DCVC-induced apoptosis. DCVC-induced RPTC injury was accompanied by decreases in respiration (51% of controls) and ATP levels (57% of controls). Akt inhibition exacerbated decreases in RPTC respiration and intracellular ATP content (both to 30% of controls). In contrast, Akt activation reduced DCVC-induced decreases in respiration (80% of controls) and prevented decline in ATP content. These data show that in RPTC, Akt activation reduces 1) toxicant-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, 2) decreases in ATP levels, and 3) necrosis. We conclude that Akt activation plays a protective role against necrosis caused by nephrotoxic insult in RPTC. Furthermore, we identified mitochondria as a subcellular target of protective actions of Akt against necrosis.

• Authors: Zabeena P Shaik, E Kim Fifer, Grazyna Nowak
• Journal: American journal of physiology. Renal physiology (Am J Physiol Renal Physiol) Vol. 292 Issue 1 Pg. F292-303 (Jan 2007) ISSN: 1931-857X [Print] United States
• PMID: 16940564 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• DNA, Complementary
• Fluorescent Dyes
• Indoles
• DAPI
• S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine
• Adenosine Triphosphate
• L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
• Oncogene Protein v-akt
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
• Cysteine

Topics

• Adenosine Triphosphate (metabolism)
• Adenoviridae (genetics)
• Animals
• Cell Death
• Cells, Cultured
• Cysteine (analogs & derivatives, toxicity)
• DNA, Complementary (biosynthesis, genetics)
• Female
• Fluorescent Dyes
• Immunoblotting
• Immunohistochemistry
• Indoles
• Kidney Diseases (chemically induced, pathology)
• Kidney Tubules (pathology)
• L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (metabolism)
• Mitochondria (metabolism)
• Necrosis
• Oncogene Protein v-akt (biosynthesis, genetics, physiology)
• Oxygen Consumption (drug effects)
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (physiology)
• Rabbits
• Transfection