Milrinone improves oxygenation in neonates with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Many neonates with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) are nonresponders to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Milrinone is a promising adjunctive therapy because of its pulmonary vasodilator properties and cardiotropic effects.

DESIGN:

Case series of neonates with severe PPHN (defined as oxygenation index [OI] >20, failure of iNO therapy, and echocardiographic confirmation of PPHN).

SETTING:

Tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.

SUBJECTS:

Full-term (> or =37 weeks) neonates with severe PPHN who received intravenous milrinone.

MEASUREMENTS:

The primary end point was the effect of intravenous milrinone on OI and hemodynamic stability over a 72-hour study period. Secondary end points examined included duration of iNO and degree of cardiorespiratory support.

RESULTS:

Nine neonates at a mean gestation of 39.25 +/- 2.76 weeks, birth weight of 3668 +/- 649.1 g, and baseline OI of 28.1 +/- 5.9 received milrinone treatment after a poor initial response to iNO treatment. Intravenous milrinone was commenced at a median age of 21 hours (range, 18-49 hours), and patients were treated for median of 70 hours (range, 23-136). Oxygenation index was significantly reduced after milrinone treatment, particularly in the immediate 24 hours of treatment (8.0 +/- 6.6, P < .001). There was a significant improvement in heart rate (179 +/- 15.2 vs 149.6 +/- 22.4, P < .001) over the same period. Infants who received milrinone did not develop systemic hypotension; in fact, there was a nonsignificant trend toward improved blood pressure.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intravenous milrinone produces early improvements in oxygenation without compromising systemic blood pressure.

• Authors: Patrick J McNamara, Firdous Laique, Sataporn Muang-In, Hilary E Whyte
• Journal: Journal of critical care (J Crit Care) Vol. 21 Issue 2 Pg. 217-22 (Jun 2006) ISSN: 0883-9441 [Print] United States
• PMID: 16769471 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
• Vasodilator Agents
• Cyclic AMP
• Cyclic GMP
• Milrinone
• Oxygen

Topics

• Cyclic AMP (physiology)
• Cyclic GMP (physiology)
• Humans
• Hypertension, Pulmonary (congenital, drug therapy, physiopathology)
• Infant, Newborn
• Milrinone (therapeutic use)
• Oxygen (blood)
• Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (therapeutic use)
• Signal Transduction
• Vasodilator Agents (therapeutic use)