Abstract |
358 children in the Gambian villages of Keneba and Manduar, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic, were vaccinated with plasma-derived vaccine against HBV according to one of four regimens and followed for up to 4 years. Two regimens by which vaccine was injected intradermally into children between 0 and 4 years old led to peak geometric mean (95% CI) concentrations of antibody against HBV surface antigen of 270 (202-358) and 555 (418-748) mlU/ml. The third regimen--intramuscular vaccination of children aged between 0 and 4 years--gave geometric mean peak antibody concentrations of 926 (765-1122) mlU/ml. A fourth regimen was intramuscular vaccination of children between 1 and 9 months old, which gave geometric mean antibody concentrations of 5431 (3903-75,456) mlU/ml. Despite these widely divergent responses and a 89% decay in antibody over the first 2 years, vaccination against HBV was 97% effective in preventing chronic infection. Vaccination was less effective in preventing uncomplicated infection: 5.3% of 264 vaccinees in Keneba and 19.1% of 94 vaccinees in Manduar tested positive for antibody to HBV core antigen. These " breakthrough infections" did not differ in frequency between regimens, and were associated with low initial antibody responses and chronic maternal carriage of HBV.
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Authors | H C Whittle, H Inskip, A J Hall, M Mendy, R Downes, S Hoare |
Journal | Lancet (London, England)
(Lancet)
Vol. 337
Issue 8744
Pg. 747-50
(Mar 30 1991)
ISSN: 0140-6736 [Print] England |
PMID | 1672389
(Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Comparative Study, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Hepatitis B Antibodies
- Hepatitis B Core Antigens
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
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Topics |
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Carrier State
(epidemiology, microbiology, prevention & control)
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gambia
(epidemiology)
- Hepatitis B
(epidemiology, immunology, prevention & control, transmission)
- Hepatitis B Antibodies
(analysis)
- Hepatitis B Core Antigens
(immunology)
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
(immunology)
- Hepatitis B virus
(immunology)
- Humans
- Immunization Schedule
- Infant
- Pilot Projects
- Prevalence
- Program Evaluation
- Time Factors
- Vaccination
(methods)
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