Sodium and proton diffusion MRI as biomarkers for early therapeutic response in subcutaneous tumors.

Abstract	The ability to quantitate early effects of tumor therapeutic response using noninvasive imaging would have a major impact in clinical oncology. One area of active research interest is the ability to use MR techniques to detect subtle changes in tumor cellular density. In this study, sodium and proton diffusion MRI were compared for their ability to detect early cellular changes in tumors treated with a cytotoxic chemotherapy. Subcutaneous 9L gliosarcomas were treated with a single dose of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Both sodium and diffusion imaging modalities were able to detect changes in tumor cellularity as early as 2 days after treatment, which continued to evolve as increased signal intensities reached a maximum approximately 8 days posttreatment. Early changes in tumor sodium and apparent diffusion coefficient values were predictive of subsequent tumor shrinkage, which occurred approximately 10 days later. Overall, therapeutical induced changes in sodium and diffusion values were found to have similar dynamic and spatial changes. These findings suggest that these imaging modalities detected similar early cellular changes after treatment. The results of this study support the continued clinical testing of diffusion MRI for evaluation of early tumor treatment response and demonstrate the complementary insights of sodium MRI for oncology applications.
Authors	Victor D Schepkin, Thomas L Chenevert, Kyle Kuszpit, Kuei C Lee, Charles R Meyer, Timothy D Johnson, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Brian D Ross
Journal	Magnetic resonance imaging (Magn Reson Imaging) Vol. 24 Issue 3 Pg. 273-8 (Apr 2006) ISSN: 0730-725X [Print] Netherlands
PMID	16563956 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating Biomarkers, Tumor Protons Sodium Carmustine
Topics	Animals Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating (pharmacology) Biomarkers, Tumor Brain Neoplasms (chemistry, drug therapy) Carmustine (pharmacology) Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (methods) Gliosarcoma (chemistry, drug therapy) Imaging, Three-Dimensional Male Neoplasm Transplantation Protons Rats Rats, Inbred F344 Sodium

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