Abstract | OBJECTIVE: DESIGN: Case control, analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from September 2003 to August 2004. PATIENTS AND METHODS: RESULTS: Seven patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, 3 females and 4 males, were found to be hyperglycemic ( p<0.001 ), hypoinsulinemic ( p < 0.05) and hyperglucagonemic ( p < 0.001 ) as compared to control group. Three patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic diabetes, 1 male and 2 females, were hyperglycemic ( p < 0.001 ). Eight patients with uncontrolled type I diabetes mellitus, 6 males and 2 females, were having hyperglycemia (p< 0.001) along with hyperglucagonemia (p < 0.001). Twelve patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, 6 males and 6 females, were found to be hyperglycemic ( p < 0.001 ) and hyperinsulinemic (p < 0.001) as compared to control group. The insulin / glucagon ratio was found to be 1 : 0.9 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1: 0.15 in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic diabetes, 1: 0.24 in type 1 diabetics, 1: 0.08 in type 2 diabetics, and 1: 0.1 in the control group. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that if insulin / glucagon ratio in type 2 diabetics reduces to 1: 0.9 then these patients may develop ketoacidosis instead of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non ketotic diabetes. Hence, it is the balance and interplay of insulin and glucagon which predicts the type of acute hyperglycemic emergencies ( diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic diabetes ) being observed in diabetic patients and not the type of diabetes mellitus.
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Authors | Maryam Wahid, Abdul Khaliq Naveed, Imad Hussain |
Journal | Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
(J Coll Physicians Surg Pak)
Vol. 16
Issue 1
Pg. 11-4
(Jan 2006)
ISSN: 1022-386X [Print] Pakistan |
PMID | 16441980
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
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Topics |
- Case-Control Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus
(blood, physiopathology)
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis
(blood, etiology, physiopathology)
- Female
- Glucagon
(blood)
- Humans
- Hyperglycemia
(blood, physiopathology)
- Insulin
(blood)
- Male
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