Leprosy is rarely seen in organ transplant patients; only ten cases of
leprosy in organ transplant recipients have been reported. We herein report a Taiwanese renal transplant recipient concomitantly infected with
borderline lepromatous leprosy. A 68-year-old male received
renal transplantation at Guilin, China, in 2000, and then received immunosuppressive therapy with
prednisolone,
tacrolimus, and mycophenolate. Three years after
transplantation, multiple erythematous tender nodules and plaques over the face and lower limbs developed. Biopsies and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of
leprosy. We treated the patient with a multidrug regimen including
dapsone,
clofazimine, and rifampine since November of 2003 with a good response. Unfortunately, he suffered from a cluster of complications after an accidental fall, finally leading to
septic shock and death five months later. In summary, we report a rare case of new-onset
leprosy after
renal transplantation in Taiwan and suggest
leprosy should be listed in the differential diagnosis of unusual
skin manifestations in organ transplant patients.