A comparative study of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in patients with flail chest.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

The role of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation delivered through a face mask in patients with flail chest is uncertain. We conducted a prospective, randomised study of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) given via a face mask to spontaneously breathing patients compared with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) with endotracheal intubation (ETI) in 52 patients with flail chest who required mechanical ventilation.

METHOD:

The 52 mechanically ventilated patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups: the ET group (n = 27) received mechanical ventilation with ETI, whereas patients in the CPAP group (n = 25) received CPAP via a face mask with patient controlled analgesia (PCA). Major complications, arterial blood gas levels, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and ICU survival rate were recorded.

RESULTS:

Nosocomial infection was diagnosed in 10 of 21 patients in the ET group, but only in 4 of 22 in the CPAP group (p = 0.001). Mean PO(2) was significantly higher in the ET group in the first 2 days (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in length of ICU stay between groups. Twenty CPAP patients survived, but only 14 of 21 intubated patients who received IPPV (p<0.01).

CONCLUSION:

Non-invasive CPAP with PCA led to lower mortality and a lower nosocomial infection rate, but similar oxygenation and length of ICU stay. The study supports the application of CPAP at least as a first line of treatment for flail chest caused by blunt thoracic trauma.

• Authors: M Gunduz, H Unlugenc, M Ozalevli, K Inanoglu, H Akman
• Journal: Emergency medicine journal : EMJ (Emerg Med J) Vol. 22 Issue 5 Pg. 325-9 (May 2005) ISSN: 1472-0213 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 15843697 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Comparative Study, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial)

Chemical References

• Carbon Dioxide
• Oxygen

Topics

• Adult
• Carbon Dioxide (blood)
• Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (adverse effects)
• Critical Care (methods)
• Cross Infection (etiology)
• Female
• Flail Chest (complications, therapy)
• Humans
• Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation (adverse effects)
• Length of Stay
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Oxygen (blood)
• Partial Pressure
• Prospective Studies
• Severity of Illness Index
• Survival Analysis