Should tuberculosis treatment and control be addressed differently in HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals?

Abstract

Infection with HIV drives the tuberculosis epidemic, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where up to 75% of individuals with tuberculosis are co-infected with HIV. This article reviews the epidemiological link between the conditions, how tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment differ between HIV-infected versus -uninfected individuals and the span of additional measures required to prevent and control HIV-related tuberculosis. Tuberculosis chemotherapy using standard short-course regimens is highly effective in both groups, and treatment follows the same principles. It differs in certain aspects, such as when antiretroviral treatment should be started in HIV-infected individuals with tuberculosis and consideration of drug-drug interactions between the rifamycins and certain antiretroviral drugs. Control of HIV-related tuberculosis requires, fundamentally, control of HIV transmission. Meanwhile, it is necessary to make concentrated efforts to intensify high-quality tuberculosis services employing the directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy, carry out extensive research towards an evidence-based model for the expanded scope of collaborative tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS interventions, and ensure efficient implementation of the findings and recommended policies. The challenge is gigantic, and both robust within-country and international leadership and competent management capabilities will be required, in addition to substantial human and financial resources.

• Authors: R A Dlodlo, P I Fujiwara, D A Enarson
• Journal: The European respiratory journal (Eur Respir J) Vol. 25 Issue 4 Pg. 751-7 (Apr 2005) ISSN: 0903-1936 [Print] England
• PMID: 15802352 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Review)

Topics

• HIV Infections (complications)
• Humans
• Tuberculosis, Pulmonary (complications, drug therapy, prevention & control, therapy)