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Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) decreases myocardial infarct size and improves cardiac function in rat models of ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion.

Abstract
As pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a redox cofactor in mammals, we asked if it is cardioprotective. Rats were subjected to 2 h of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation without reperfusion (model 1, ischemia). In model 2 (ischemia/reperfusion), rats were subjected to 17 or 30 min of LAD occlusion and 2 h of reperfusion. PQQ (15-20 mg/kg) was given i.p., either 30 min before LAD occlusion (Pretreatment) or i.v. at the onset of reperfusion (Treatment). In model 1, PQQ reduced infarct size (10.0 +/- 1.5 vs 19.1 +/- 2.1%, P < 0.01). In model 2, either PQQ Pretreatment or Treatment also reduced infarct size (18.4 +/- 2.3 and 25.6 +/- 3.5% vs 38.1 +/- 2.6%, P < 0.01). PQQ resulted in higher LV developed pressure and LV (+)dP/dt after 1-2 h of reperfusion (P < 0.05), and fewer ventricular fibrillation episodes. PQQ dose (5-20 mg/kg) was inversely related to infarct size. PQQ reduced myocardial tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation (316 +/- 88 vs 99 +/- 14 nmol/g, P < 0.01). PQQ given either as Pretreatment or as Treatment at the onset of reperfusion is highly effective in reducing infarct size and improving cardiac function in a dose-related manner in rat models of ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion. The optimal dose in this study, which exhibited neither renal nor hepatic toxicity, was 15 mg/kg, but lower doses may also be efficacious. We conclude that PQQ, which appears to act as a free radical scavenger in ischemic myocardium, is a highly effective cardioprotective agent.
AuthorsBo-Qing Zhu, Hui-Zhong Zhou, John R Teerlink, Joel S Karliner
JournalCardiovascular drugs and therapy (Cardiovasc Drugs Ther) Vol. 18 Issue 6 Pg. 421-31 (Nov 2004) ISSN: 0920-3206 [Print] United States
PMID15770429 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Malondialdehyde
  • PQQ Cofactor
Topics
  • Animals
  • Body Weight (drug effects)
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Heart Function Tests (drug effects)
  • Injections, Intraperitoneal
  • Injections, Intravenous
  • Malondialdehyde (chemistry, metabolism)
  • Myocardial Infarction (drug therapy, pathology, prevention & control)
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury (drug therapy, physiopathology)
  • Myocardium (chemistry, metabolism)
  • PQQ Cofactor (chemistry, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
  • Rats
  • Ventricular Fibrillation (drug therapy, physiopathology, prevention & control)

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