Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a serious, often fatal complication after solid
organ transplantation. The incidence of PTLD is greater among heart (2 approximately 13%), lung (12%) and heart/lung (5 approximately 9%) transplant recipients than among liver (2%), renal (1 approximately 3%) and bone marrow (1 approximately 2%) transplants recipients. The difference in the incidence of PTLD may be partly attributed to the higher dose of
immunosuppressant therapy used for heart and
lung transplantation. The Epstein-Barr virus (
EBV) infection status of the donor and recipient before a transplant, and high dose of immunosuppressive drugs are considered major risk factors. Recently, 2 cases of PTLD in a single lung and a
heart-lung transplantation recipient were encountered. Both patients presented with
multiple pulmonary nodules in the transplanted lung, which developed 6 months and 2 years after the
transplantation, respectively. Following a transthoracic lung biopsy for diagnostic confirmation, one patient underwent
chemotherapy for PTLD and the other conservative care for an accompanying
viral infection. Both patients showed rapid
clinical deterioration, without response to treatment, and then rapidly succumbed. Herein, our experiences are reported, with a review of the literature.