The authors examined the relation between 50 widely used agricultural pesticides and
lung cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 57,284
pesticide applicators and 32,333 spouses of farmer applicators with no prior history of
lung cancer. Self-administered questionnaires were completed at enrollment (1993-1997).
Cancer incidence was determined through population-based
cancer registries from enrollment through December 31, 2001. A
lung cancer standardized incidence ratio of 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.49) was observed overall, due in large part to a low cigarette smoking prevalence. Two widely used
herbicides,
metolachlor and
pendimethalin (for low-exposed groups to four higher exposure categories: odds ratio (OR) = 1.0, 1.6, 1.2, 5.0; p(trend) = 0.0002; and OR = 1.0, 1.6, 2.1, 4.4; p(trend) = 0.003, respectively), and two widely used
insecticides,
chlorpyrifos and
diazinon (OR = 1.0, 1.1, 1.7, 1.9; p(trend) = 0.03; and OR = 1.0, 1.6, 2.7, 3.7; p(trend) = 0.04, respectively), showed some evidence of exposure response for
lung cancer. These excesses could not be explained by previously identified
lung cancer risk factors. The usage levels in this cohort are considerably higher than those typically experienced by the general population. An excess risk among spouses directly exposed to pesticides could not be evaluated at this time.