The current study unveils the effect of O. echioides extract on two-stage skin
carcinogenesis and on
tumor promoter induced markers and oxidative stress in Swiss mice. Treatment of dorsal shaven cutaneous portions of the mice with single topical application of
benzoyl peroxide (BPO) followed by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induced significant oxidative stress and elevated the marker parameters of
tumor promotion. Similar effects were observed with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment. Pretreatment of O. echioides extract (5 mg & 10 mg/Kg b.wt) in both the studies with BPO+UVB and TPA restored the levels of
reduced glutathione (GSH) and cellular protective
enzymes (p < 0.05). Concomitantly,
malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were also reduced significantly (p < 0.05) at both the doses. The promotion parameters tested (
ornithine decarboxylase activity and
DNA synthesis) were also significantly suppressed (p < 0.05). Thereafter, we proceeded with studies on mouse skin
carcinogenesis. After ten days of
7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treatment, twice-weekly applications of
croton oil for 20 weeks resulted in 100% incidence of
tumors in the animals. However, O. echioides showed reduction in the number of
tumors/ mouse and percentage of
tumor bearing mice at the end of the study. The study was further histologically confirmed. The protective activity of the plant might be due to the two major constituents (alkannins and shikonins) present in the plant. O. echioides is thus, proposed to be helpful in prevention of experimental skin
carcinogenesis.