Calcium-sensing receptor activation stimulates parathyroid hormone-related protein secretion in prostate cancer cells: role of epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation.

Abstract

We have previously reported that high extracellular Ca2+ stimulates parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) release from human prostate and breast cancer cell lines as well as from H-500 rat Leydig cancer cells, an action mediated by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR). Activating the CaR leads to phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that participate in PTHrP synthesis and secretion. Because the CaR is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), it is likely to transactivate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). In this study, we hypothesized that activation of the CaR transactivates the EGFR or PDGFR, and examined whether transactivation affects PTHrP secretion in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Using Western analysis, we observed that an increase in extracellular Ca2+ resulted in delayed activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in PC-3 cells. Pre-incubation with AG1478 (an EGFR kinase inhibitor) or an EGFR neutralizing antibody inhibited the high Ca2+ -induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. GM6001, a pan matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, also partially suppressed the ERK activation, but AG1296 (a PDGFR kinase inhibitor) did not. High extracellular Ca2+ stimulates PTHrP release during a 6-h incubation (1.5- to 2.5- and 3- to 4-fold increases in 3.0 and 7.5 mM Ca2+, respectively). When cells were preincubated with AG1478, GM6001, or an antihuman heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF) antibody, PTHrP secretion was significantly inhibited under basal as well as high Ca2+ conditions, while AG1296 had no effect on PTHrP secretion. Taken together, these findings indicate that activation of the CaR transactivates the EGFR, but not the PDGFR, leading to phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and resultant PTHrP secretion, although CaR-EGFR-ERK might not be the only signaling pathway for PTHrP secretion. This transactivation is most likely mediated by activation of MMP and cleavage of proheparin-binding EGF (proHB-EGF) to HB-EGF.

• Authors: Shozo Yano, R John Macleod, Naibedya Chattopadhyay, Jacob Tfelt-Hansen, Olga Kifor, Robert R Butters, Edward M Brown
• Journal: Bone (Bone) Vol. 35 Issue 3 Pg. 664-72 (Sep 2004) ISSN: 8756-3282 [Print] United States
• PMID: 15336602 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)

Chemical References

• Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
• Receptors, Calcium-Sensing
• ErbB Receptors
• Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases

Topics

• Cell Line, Tumor
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• ErbB Receptors (physiology)
• Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (genetics, metabolism)
• Humans
• Male
• Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (genetics, metabolism)
• Prostatic Neoplasms (genetics, metabolism)
• Receptors, Calcium-Sensing (genetics, metabolism)
• Transcriptional Activation (physiology)