Abstract | PURPOSE: To elucidate the factors contributing to staghorn stone formation in patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 82 patients (44 men and 38 women) with complete staghorn calculi were reviewed retrospectively for clinical presentation, metabolic disturbances and anatomical abnormalities. RESULTS: There were 79 unilateral and three bilateral cases. The patient performance of the activities of daily life was assessed with the modified Rankin scale (MRS) and it was found that 69 patients were functionally independent (84.1%, MRS 0-1) and 10 patients had a severe disability (12.2%, MRS 4-5). Seven patients had chronic indwelling catheters (8.5%). A positive urine culture was found in 24.4% of patients. Analysis of stone composition revealed magnesium ammonium phosphate and mixed calcium oxalate- phosphate were the most frequently identified types of stone (32.1% and 22.2%, respectively). Urinary pH was low in patients with uric acid stones (mean 5.4). Hyperuricemia, cystinuria and hypercalciuria were found in 14.6%, 2.4% and 37.8%, respectively. Hypercalciuria was found more frequently in calcium-stone cases. Eleven patients (13.4%) showed structural abnormalities of the kidney. CONCLUSIONS:
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Authors | Keigo Akagashi, Hitoshi Tanda, Shuji Kato, Shigeki Ohnishi, Hisao Nakajima, Akihito Nanbu, Toshikazu Nitta, Mikio Koroku, Yoshikazu Sato, Tatsuo Hanzawa |
Journal | International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association
(Int J Urol)
Vol. 11
Issue 5
Pg. 276-81
(May 2004)
ISSN: 0919-8172 [Print] Australia |
PMID | 15147542
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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Chemical References |
- Calcium Phosphates
- Magnesium Compounds
- Phosphates
- Calcium Oxalate
- Uric Acid
- Struvite
- Calcium
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Topics |
- Activities of Daily Living
- Adult
- Aged
- Calcium
(urine)
- Calcium Oxalate
(analysis)
- Calcium Phosphates
(analysis)
- Catheters, Indwelling
- Cystinuria
(complications)
- Female
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Hyperuricemia
(complications)
- Kidney
(abnormalities)
- Kidney Calculi
(chemistry, complications, diagnosis, therapy)
- Magnesium Compounds
(analysis)
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phosphates
(analysis)
- Retrospective Studies
- Struvite
- Uric Acid
(analysis)
- Urinary Tract Infections
(etiology)
- Urine
(microbiology, physiology)
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