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Influence of i.v. haloperidol on ventricular repolarization and monophasic action potential duration in anesthetized dogs.

AbstractINTRODUCTION:
i.v. haloperidol is used commonly for sedation in critically ill patients. However, i.v. haloperidol has been shown to cause the life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia torsades de pointes. Mechanisms by which haloperidol causes torsades de pointes have not been widely investigated in controlled studies.
STUDY OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effects of i.v. haloperidol on electrophysiologic parameters known to promote torsades de pointes.
INTERVENTIONS:
Monophasic action potential catheters were guided under fluoroscopy into the right and left ventricles of 14 chloralose-anesthetized dogs (haloperidol, nine dogs; placebo, five dogs). Effective refractory period (ERP), action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90), and QTc interval measurements were performed at baseline and after each of four doses of haloperidol (0.15, 0.5, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/kg) or placebo at three different pacing cycle lengths (450, 300, and 250 ms).
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:
i.v. haloperidol significantly prolonged left and right ventricular ERP by a magnitude of 12 to 20% at all pacing cycle lengths. ERP values in the placebo group did not change significantly from pretreatment values in either ventricle. Haloperidol significantly prolonged left ventricular APD90 at a pacing cycle length of 300 ms. The effects of haloperidol on right ventricular APD90 approached significance at a cycle length of 450 ms. Overall, haloperidol prolonged APD90 by 7 to 11%, with less consistent and more variable effects than those for the ERP. APD90 was not significantly altered in the placebo groups. Haloperidol produced significant prolongation in QTc intervals. The electrophysiologic effects of haloperidol were related to dose, with a plateau reached at the 0.5 mg/kg dose for ERP measurements and at the 2 mg/kg dose for the APD90 and QTc interval measurements.
CONCLUSIONS:
i.v. haloperidol prolongs ventricular ERP and APD90 in intact canine hearts. These electrophysiologic effects are likely associated with the clinical torsades de pointes-inducing actions of i.v. haloperidol in critically ill patients.
AuthorsSaeed Rasty, Neeta B Amin, Hani N Sabbah, Takayuki Mishima, Steven Borzak, James E Tisdale
JournalChest (Chest) Vol. 125 Issue 5 Pg. 1821-9 (May 2004) ISSN: 0012-3692 [Print] United States
PMID15136396 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Anti-Dyskinesia Agents
  • Haloperidol
Topics
  • Action Potentials (drug effects)
  • Anesthesia
  • Animals
  • Anti-Dyskinesia Agents (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
  • Dogs
  • Electrophysiology
  • Female
  • Haloperidol (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
  • Heart Ventricles (drug effects)
  • Infusions, Intravenous
  • Male
  • Random Allocation
  • Time Factors
  • Ventricular Function

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