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Vaccine efficacy of a cell lysate with recombinant baculovirus-expressed feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus nucleocapsid protein against progression of FIP.

Abstract
The Type II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infection of feline macrophages is enhanced by a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the S protein of FIPV. This antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity increased with the MAb that showed a neutralizing activity with feline kidney cells, suggesting that there was a distinct correlation between ADE activity and the neutralizing activity. The close association between enhancing and neutralizing epitopes is an obstacle to developing a vaccine containing only neutralizing epitopes without enhancing epitopes. In this study, we immunized cats with cell lysate with recombinant baculovirus-expressed N protein of the Type I FIPV strain KU-2 with an adjuvant and investigated its preventive effect on the progression of FIP. Cats immunized with this vaccine produced antibodies against FIPV virion-derived N protein but did not produce virus-neutralizing antibodies. A delayed type hypersensitivity skin response to N protein was observed in these vaccinated cats, showing that cell mediated immunity against the FIPV antigen was induced. When these vaccinated cats were challenged with a high dose of heterologous FIPV, the survival rate was 75% (6/8), while the survival rate in the control group immunized with SF-9 cell-derived antigen was 12.5% (1/8). This study showed that immunization with the cell lysate with baculovirus-expressed N protein was effective in preventing the progression of FIP without inducing ADE of FIPV infection in cats.
AuthorsTsutomu Hohdatsu, Hiroshi Yamato, Tasuku Ohkawa, Miyuki Kaneko, Kenji Motokawa, Hajime Kusuhara, Takashi Kaneshima, Setsuo Arai, Hiroyuki Koyama
JournalVeterinary microbiology (Vet Microbiol) Vol. 97 Issue 1-2 Pg. 31-44 (Dec 02 2003) ISSN: 0378-1135 [Print] Netherlands
PMID14637036 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Antigens, Viral
  • Nucleocapsid Proteins
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Viral Vaccines
Topics
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral (blood)
  • Antigens, Viral (immunology)
  • Baculoviridae (genetics)
  • Cats
  • Coronavirus, Feline (immunology)
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Feline Infectious Peritonitis (immunology, prevention & control)
  • Hypersensitivity, Delayed (immunology)
  • Neutralization Tests (veterinary)
  • Nucleocapsid Proteins (genetics, immunology)
  • Recombinant Proteins (genetics, immunology)
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
  • Vaccination (veterinary)
  • Viral Vaccines (immunology, standards)

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