Nitric oxide (NO) is a short lived, readily diffusible intracellular messenger molecule associated with multiple organ-specific regulatory functions. In this communication, we elucidate the effect of exogenous NO administration, using
nitroglycerin (GTN), on
ferric nitrilotriacetate (
Fe-NTA)-induced renal oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and
necrosis in ddY mice.
Fe-NTA is a known complete renal
carcinogen as well as renal and hepatic
tumor promoter, which act by generating oxidative stress in the tissues. GTN treatment to ddY mice prior to
Fe-NTA administration resulted in a highly significant protection against
Fe-NTA-induced renal oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and
necrosis. In oxidative stress protection studies, the decrease in the level of renal
glutathione and
antioxidant enzyme activities induced by
Fe-NTA were significantly reversed by GTN pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner (12-46% recovery, P<0.05-0.001). GTN pretreatment also resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition (24-39% inhibition, P<0.05-0.001) of
Fe-NTA-induced lipid peroxidation as measured by
TBARS formation in renal tissues. Similarly, in hyperproliferation protection studies, GTN pretreatment showed a strong inhibition of
Fe-NTA-induced renal
ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity (51-57% inhibition, P<0.001) and [3H]
thymidine incorporation (43-58% inhibition, P<0.001) into renal
DNA. GTN pretreatment almost completely prevented kidney biomolecules from oxidative damage and protected the tissue against the observed histopathological alterations. From this data, it can be concluded that exogenously produced NO from GTN might scavenge
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases toxic metabolites of
Fe-NTA and thereby inhibiting renal oxidative stress. In addition, exogenously produced NO can also inhibit
Fe-NTA-induced hyperproliferative response by down-regulating the activity of ODC and the rate of [3H]
thymidine incorporation into renal
DNA and could be suggested as another possible clinical application for this NO-donor (GTN, traditionally used as a
vasodilator) in oncological medicine.