Regulation of reverse cholesterol transport and clinical implications.

Abstract	Plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and its major protein, apolipoprotein A-I, are inversely correlated with the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Low HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels often are found in association with other cardiovascular risk factors, including the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, overexpression of apolipoprotein A-I in animals has been shown to reduce progression and even induce regression of atherosclerosis, indicating that apolipoprotein A-I is directly protective against atherosclerosis. A major mechanism by which apolipoprotein A-I inhibits atherosclerosis may be by promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophages and returning it to the liver for excretion, a process termed reverse cholesterol transport. This article focuses on new developments in the regulation of reverse cholesterol transport and the clinical implications of those developments.
Authors	Daniel J Rader
Journal	The American journal of cardiology (Am J Cardiol) Vol. 92 Issue 4A Pg. 42J-49J (Aug 18 2003) ISSN: 0002-9149 [Print] United States
PMID	12957326 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
Chemical References	ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Apolipoprotein A-I CD36 Antigens CETP protein, human Carrier Proteins Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins Cholesterol, HDL Glycoproteins Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Hypolipidemic Agents Membrane Proteins Phospholipid Transfer Proteins Receptors, Immunologic Receptors, Lipoprotein Receptors, Scavenger Scarb1 protein, mouse Scavenger Receptors, Class B Niacin LIPG protein, human Lipase Lipg protein, mouse Lipoprotein Lipase
Topics	ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters (genetics) Animals Apolipoprotein A-I (genetics) Biological Transport (genetics, physiology) CD36 Antigens (genetics) Cardiovascular Diseases (prevention & control) Carrier Proteins (genetics) Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins Cholesterol, HDL (genetics, metabolism) Glycoproteins Humans Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (therapeutic use) Hypolipidemic Agents (therapeutic use) Hypolipoproteinemias (drug therapy, genetics, metabolism) Lipase (genetics) Lipoprotein Lipase (genetics) Membrane Proteins (genetics) Mice Niacin (therapeutic use) Phospholipid Transfer Proteins Receptors, Immunologic Receptors, Lipoprotein Receptors, Scavenger Risk Factors Scavenger Receptors, Class B

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