Dolasetron for the prevention of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Children undergoing strabismus surgery have a high incidence of postoperative vomiting (POV). The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of dolasetron for the prevention of emesis comparing a single 0.35 mg.kg-1 or 12.5 mg dose with placebo.

METHODS:

Children aged 2-12 years with an ASA status of 1 or 2 undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized in a double-blind manner to one of three treatment groups. Patients were excluded with a history of previous postoperative vomiting or motion sickness, allergy to serotonin receptor antagonists or previous antiemetic administration within 24 h prior to enrollment. General anaesthesia was induced with sevoflurane and N2O/O2 and maintained with isoflurane and N2O/O2. The study medication was administered 15 min prior to the end of surgery. Patients experiencing two or more episodes of vomiting were rescued in the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU) with metoclopramide 0.15 mg.kg-1. A total of 118 patients were enrolled with documentation of the number and severity of vomiting episodes, time to awakening, PACU length of stay and postoperative agitation.

RESULTS:

Patients with an acute complete response (ACR), defined as no emetic episodes and no rescue medication within 24 h of study drug administration were 62% (weight dose), 64% (fixed dose) and 33% (placebo, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

There was no statistical difference between the 0.35 mg.kg-1 dose and the fixed 12.5 mg dose of dolasetron with both reducing the incidence of POV.

• Authors: Deborah Wagner, Uma Pandit, Terri Voepel-Lewis, Monica Weber
• Journal: Paediatric anaesthesia (Paediatr Anaesth) Vol. 13 Issue 6 Pg. 522-6 (Jul 2003) ISSN: 1155-5645 [Print] France
• PMID: 12846709 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
• Antiemetics
• Indoles
• Quinolizines
• Acetaminophen
• dolasetron

Topics

• Acetaminophen (therapeutic use)
• Analgesics, Non-Narcotic (therapeutic use)
• Anesthesia, General
• Antiemetics (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Double-Blind Method
• Female
• Humans
• Indoles (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Male
• Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures
• Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (prevention & control)
• Quinolizines (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Strabismus (surgery)