HOMEPRODUCTSCOMPANYCONTACTFAQResearchDictionaryPharmaSign Up FREE or Login

Mycobacterial cell wall extract for treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder.

AbstractPURPOSE:
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) established immunotherapy as an effective modality for carcinoma in situ of the bladder and remains the most effective agent for treatment. However, as a live organism it has the potential for undesirable side effects and toxicity. This result has led to the search for other active and safer biological response modifiers. We investigated the efficacy of a mycobacterial cell wall extract (MCWE) from Mycobacterium phlei, which does not contain live bacteria, for management of carcinoma in situ of the bladder in humans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The requirement for an emulsified preparation was investigated with photon correlation spectroscopy to determine the stability of the bacterial fragments. A total of 61 patients with histologically documented carcinoma in situ completed the study. Cell wall extract from M. phlei suspended in oil droplets to form an emulsion were instilled into the bladder at a dose of 4 mg. once weekly for 6 weeks and then monthly for 1 year. Response assessment was performed at 3-month intervals. Complete response to treatment indicated the absence of endoscopic and histological evidence of carcinoma in situ. Partial responders were those cases in which cystoscopy and biopsies were negative but cytology was suspicious for malignant cells. All other cases were considered failures.
RESULTS:
The need for an emulsified suspension of the cell wall extract was confirmed by the demonstration that the cell wall extract alone in urine aggregated, whereas the MCWE emulsion had remained stable. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed negative cystoscopy and biopsies in 62.5% at 12, 49.3% at 24 and 41.1% of patients at 60 weeks after therapy. After this point the number of responders had remained stable. Excellent tolerance with minimal toxicity was observed.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our study demonstrates clinical activity of low doses of MCWE against human bladder cancer. The results observed at the dosage used in our trial are less than those observed with live BCG. However, MCWE has a better toxicity profile and can be instilled in the presence of a disrupted urothelium. It also appears to exhibit activity in patients in whom BCG has failed.
AuthorsA Morales, J L Chin, E W Ramsey
JournalThe Journal of urology (J Urol) Vol. 166 Issue 5 Pg. 1633-7; discussion 1637-8 (Nov 2001) ISSN: 0022-5347 [Print] United States
PMID11586191 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • BCG Vaccine
  • Cell Extracts
  • Emulsions
  • Immunologic Factors
Topics
  • BCG Vaccine (therapeutic use)
  • Carcinoma in Situ (therapy)
  • Cell Extracts
  • Cell Wall
  • Emulsions
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Factors (therapeutic use)
  • Immunotherapy
  • Male
  • Mycobacterium phlei (chemistry)
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms (therapy)

Join CureHunter, for free Research Interface BASIC access!

Take advantage of free CureHunter research engine access to explore the best drug and treatment options for any disease. Find out why thousands of doctors, pharma researchers and patient activists around the world use CureHunter every day.
Realize the full power of the drug-disease research graph!


Choose Username:
Email:
Password:
Verify Password:
Enter Code Shown: