The use of
chemical warfare agents, such as the pulmonary
irritant gas
phosgene, is a real and constant threat not only from belligerent nations but from terrorist groups as well.
Phosgene is both easy and inexpensive to produce and as such is a potential candidate for use as a threat agent.
Phosgene attacks the deep lung after inhalation and can severely compromise pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange, rendering the exposed individual incapacitated. If exposure is severe, death can ensure by asphyxiation secondary to
pulmonary edema formation. This paper examines the effects on lung tissue in mice over 24 hours after exposure to the
irritant gas
phosgene. Exposure to
phosgene produced
respiratory acidosis by decreasing pH, partial pressure of
oxygen, O2 saturation, and increasing partial pressure of
carbon dioxide. Exposure to
phosgene also induced temporal increases in lung tissue gravimetric parameters such as lung tissue wet weight/dry weight ratio, which is a positive
indicator of
pulmonary edema formation, and dry lung weight, an
indicator of lung cellular hyperaggregation. Blood
gases and pH tend to normalize within 24 hours, whereas gravimetric parameters remain increased. Temporal changes in these physiological indicators of
lung injury may help to explain why past exposures to
phosgene required lengthy hospitalization.