Four hundred eighty-seven women (97.0%) with symptoms and 564 controls (76.0%) completed the study. Stress incontinence was associated with parity (primipara odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 4. 9; para 2 OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.9, 8.0; para 3 OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.1, 9.5), use of
diuretics (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2, 3.9),
hysterectomy (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.6, 3.7), and increased body mass index (BMI).
Urge incontinence was associated with use of
diuretics (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2. 2, 7.1) and BMI. Urgency was associated with parity (primipara OR 1. 9, 95% CI 0.9, 4.2; para 2 OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.5, 5.9; para 3 OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5, 6.5), use of
diuretics (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5, 4.7) and BMI. Associations between non-incontinence symptoms (except urgency) and observed factors were weak and inconsistent. Straining at stool and
constipation were inversely associated with
lower urinary tract symptoms. Overall, lesion of sphincter ani,
episiotomy,
fetal weight, physical activity, and hormonal status had minor association with
lower urinary tract symptoms.
CONCLUSION: