Prostaglandins exert a protective effect on colonic mucosa in experimentally induced
colitis. This study investigated the effect of
enprostil, a
prostaglandin E2 (
PGE2) analogue, on trinitrobenzenesulphonic
acid (TNBS)-induced
colitis in rats. Each rat received a rectal
enema containing TNBS (30 mg), followed 24 h later by intrarectal once-daily
enprostil (200 microg).
Enprostil-treated and control rats were killed on day 3 (
enprostil group, n = 5; control, n = 6) or day 10 (
enprostil group, n = 5; control, n = 5) after TNBS treatment. The area of damaged mucosa of the colon was measured relative to the total colonic area. We also determined the macroscopic score of mucosal damage, and measured
PGE2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (6-keto-PGF1alpha) and
thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentration in portal vein blood samples.
Enprostil significantly reduced both the area of damaged mucosa (including the
ulcer area) and the macroscopic score after 3 days' treatment compared with control. Similarly,
enprostil significantly reduced plasma concentration of
PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2 during the acute phase at day 3 of treatment compared with control, but not at day 10. These results suggest that
PGE2 enema may have therapeutic potential for treating patients with
proctitis or left-sided
colitis.