Requirement of ATM-dependent phosphorylation of brca1 in the DNA damage response to double-strand breaks.

Abstract	The Brca1 (breast cancer gene 1) tumor suppressor protein is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage. Results from this study indicate that the checkpoint protein kinase ATM (mutated in ataxia telangiectasia) was required for phosphorylation of Brca1 in response to ionizing radiation. ATM resides in a complex with Brca1 and phosphorylated Brca1 in vivo and in vitro in a region that contains clusters of serine-glutamine residues. Phosphorylation of this domain appears to be functionally important because a mutated Brca1 protein lacking two phosphorylation sites failed to rescue the radiation hypersensitivity of a Brca1-deficient cell line. Thus, phosphorylation of Brca1 by the checkpoint kinase ATM may be critical for proper responses to DNA double-strand breaks and may provide a molecular explanation for the role of ATM in breast cancer.
Authors	D Cortez, Y Wang, J Qin, S J Elledge
Journal	Science (New York, N.Y.) (Science) Vol. 286 Issue 5442 Pg. 1162-6 (Nov 05 1999) ISSN: 0036-8075 [Print] United States
PMID	10550055 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
Chemical References	BRCA1 Protein Cell Cycle Proteins DNA, Complementary DNA-Binding Proteins Recombinant Fusion Proteins Tumor Suppressor Proteins ATM protein, human Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
Topics	Amino Acid Sequence Ataxia Telangiectasia (genetics) Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins BRCA1 Protein (metabolism) Breast Neoplasms (genetics) Cell Cycle Proteins Cell Line DNA Damage DNA Repair DNA, Complementary DNA-Binding Proteins Female Gamma Rays Genes, BRCA1 Genetic Predisposition to Disease HeLa Cells Heterozygote Humans Molecular Sequence Data Mutation Phosphorylation Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (genetics, metabolism) Recombinant Fusion Proteins (metabolism) Tumor Suppressor Proteins

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