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Physiological and anatomical circuitry between Agouti-related protein and leptin signaling.

Abstract
Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is an orexigenic neuropeptide that acts via central melanocortin receptors, and whose messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are elevated in leptin-deficient mice. Fasting associated with a decline in circulating leptin normally causes a 15-fold elevation of hypothalamic Agrp mRNA levels but has no effect in leptin-deficient mice. Chronic hyperleptinemia associated with the tubby and Cpe(fat) mutations has no effect on Agrp mRNA levels, but short term leptin administration causes a 17% reduction of Agrp mRNA levels in nonmutant mice and a 700% reduction in leptin-deficient mice. In young nonobese animals, melanocortin receptor blockade associated with the Ay mutation causes complete resistance to leptin-induced weight loss. Dual in situ hybridization reveals that Agrp-expressing neurons in the medial portion of the arcuate nucleus constitute a subpopulation different from Pomc-expressing neurons, and that a significant proportion of Agrp-expressing neurons (10-25%) coexpresses the leptin receptor, Lepr-b. Immunocytochemistry confirms distinct locations of AGRP- and POMC-expressing cell bodies, but reveals an overlapping distribution of their terminal fields in the arcuate nucleus, the paraventricular hypothalamus, and the dorsomedial hypothalamus. These results suggest that in the fed state, AGRP is normally suppressed by leptin, and that release of this suppression during fasting leads to increased ingestive behavior.
AuthorsB D Wilson, D Bagnol, C B Kaelin, M M Ollmann, I Gantz, S J Watson, G S Barsh
JournalEndocrinology (Endocrinology) Vol. 140 Issue 5 Pg. 2387-97 (May 1999) ISSN: 0013-7227 [Print] United States
PMID10218993 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
Chemical References
  • Agouti Signaling Protein
  • Agouti-Related Protein
  • Agrp protein, mouse
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Leptin
  • Proteins
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • Receptors, Corticotropin
  • Receptors, Leptin
  • Receptors, Melanocortin
  • leptin receptor, mouse
  • Pro-Opiomelanocortin
Topics
  • Agouti Signaling Protein
  • Agouti-Related Protein
  • Animals
  • Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus (cytology)
  • Carrier Proteins (genetics)
  • Fasting
  • Hypothalamus (metabolism)
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Leptin
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mutation
  • Neurons (metabolism)
  • Obesity (genetics)
  • Pro-Opiomelanocortin (genetics)
  • Proteins (genetics, metabolism, pharmacology)
  • RNA, Messenger (metabolism)
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • Receptors, Corticotropin (antagonists & inhibitors, physiology)
  • Receptors, Leptin
  • Receptors, Melanocortin
  • Signal Transduction
  • Weight Loss

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