Plagiocephaly

The condition characterized by uneven or irregular shape of the head often in parallelogram shape with a flat spot on the back or one side of the head. It can either result from the premature CRANIAL SUTURE closure (CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS) or from external forces (NONSYNOSTOTIC PLAGIOCEPHALY).

Also Known As:

Networked: 94 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 13 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Craniosynostoses (Craniosynostosis)
2.	Synostosis
3.	Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly
4.	Torticollis (Wryneck)
5.	Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus)

Experts

1.	Di Rocco, Concezio: 3 articles (09/2012 - 09/2011)
2.	Rogers, Gary F: 2 articles (05/2014 - 09/2002)
3.	Arnaud, Eric: 2 articles (11/2012 - 03/2009)
4.	Tamburrini, Gianpiero: 2 articles (09/2012 - 09/2012)
5.	Losee, Joseph E: 2 articles (01/2011 - 12/2005)
6.	Helders, P J M: 2 articles (01/2006 - 03/2005)
7.	Engelbert, R H H: 2 articles (01/2006 - 03/2005)
8.	Mooney, Mark P: 2 articles (12/2005 - 01/2002)
9.	Nagakura, Masamune: 1 article (12/2015)
10.	Morishita, Tsuyoshi: 1 article (12/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Plagiocephaly:

1.	CosmeticsIBA 07/01/1996 - "After a mean follow-up period of 6 months all parents of the 82 children treated nonsurgically were satisfied with their child's cosmetic appearance: 63% showed improvement in their plagiocephaly and 27% stabilized. " 01/01/2012 - "Non-surgical plagiocephaly management achieved good cosmetic outcome among patients in this study. " 11/01/2015 - "This study was performed to assess the prevalence and cosmetic relevance of plagiocephaly and brachycephaly, as well as its influence on quality of life in adolescence.The" 01/01/2012 - "Long-term effects of positional plagiocephaly on development remain undefined, and this study evaluated cosmetic and cognitive outcomes of plagiocephaly management. " 11/01/2015 - " information exists on the prevalence, cosmetic, and psychological consequences of plagiocephaly and brachycephaly later in life. "
2.	Congenital torticollisIBA 01/01/2015 - "This study investigated whether torticollis (congenital or acquired) in infants with plagiocephaly affects the achievement of specific gross motor milestones. " 01/01/2006 - "The purpose of the present study is to highlight different therapeutic aspects of the most occurring asymmetries in infancy: congenital muscular torticollis, positional torticollis and plagiocephaly, based on best evidence in current literature. " 10/01/2014 - "Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) and craniosynostosis are diseases that cause plagiocephaly and craniofacial asymmetry in children. " 04/01/1999 - "The incidence of congenital torticollis in association with plagiocephaly is 1 in 300 newborns, with the torticollis resulting from pathologically sustained contraction of the sternocleidomastoid. " 11/01/1996 - "Right plagiocephaly, congenital torticollis, scoliosis involving the upper and mid thoracic region, and a hypoplastic right pectoralis major were the other abnormal features noted. "
3.	Transforming Growth Factors (Transforming Growth Factor)IBA 05/01/2012 - "In this study, we examined transforming growth factor (TGF) βs immunostaining from coronal sutures in patients with plagiocephaly. " 07/01/1997 - "Elevated levels of transforming growth factors beta 2 and beta 3 in lambdoid sutures from children with persistent plagiocephaly."
4.	PlasticsIBA 11/01/2012 - "To sum up three types of plastic procedures for frontal plagiocephaly Based on the principle of floating forehead, the plagiocephaly (unilateral coronal synostosis). " 04/02/1999 - "10 infants with significant deformational plagiocephaly were treated with individual plastic helmets during the past 2 years and 4 other infants with plagiocephaly are currently being treated. "
5.	Type 3 Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3)IBA 04/01/1998 - "To determine whether the autosomal dominant fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) Pro250Arg mutation causes anterior plagiocephaly, patients with either apparently sporadic unicoronal synostosis (N = 37) or other forms of anterior plagiocephaly (N = 10) were studied for this mutation. "
6.	Activin Receptors (Activin Receptor)IBA 07/15/2001 - "This overview of asymmetry addresses the following topics: chiral molecules; asymmetric signaling molecules, including N-cadherin, Shh, Fgf8, lefty1, lefty2, nodal, Pitx2, activin betaB, activin receptor IIA, and cSnR; situs abnormalities; asymmetric cell division; laterality in humans and animals; behavioral asymmetry in humans and animals; asymmetric embryopathies, including Tessier-type "clefts"; hemiasymmetries such as hemihyperplasia, hemihypoplasia, and hemiatrophy; asymmetric vascular syndromes, including Klippel-Trenaunay and Sturge-Weber syndromes; plagiocephaly of the synostotic and deformational types; somatic mosaicism, including a discussion of McCune-Albright syndrome, fibrous dysplasia, GNAS1 mutations, and Proteus syndrome."
7.	Activins (Activin)IBA 07/15/2001 - "This overview of asymmetry addresses the following topics: chiral molecules; asymmetric signaling molecules, including N-cadherin, Shh, Fgf8, lefty1, lefty2, nodal, Pitx2, activin betaB, activin receptor IIA, and cSnR; situs abnormalities; asymmetric cell division; laterality in humans and animals; behavioral asymmetry in humans and animals; asymmetric embryopathies, including Tessier-type "clefts"; hemiasymmetries such as hemihyperplasia, hemihypoplasia, and hemiatrophy; asymmetric vascular syndromes, including Klippel-Trenaunay and Sturge-Weber syndromes; plagiocephaly of the synostotic and deformational types; somatic mosaicism, including a discussion of McCune-Albright syndrome, fibrous dysplasia, GNAS1 mutations, and Proteus syndrome."
8.	Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor)IBA 05/01/1997 - "The unusual finding of plagiocephaly in these Crouzon patients may either be the result of the type of mutation or because of genetic and environmental factors that affect the phenotype in addition to the mutated FGF receptor."
9.	Cadherins (E-Cadherin)IBA 07/15/2001 - "This overview of asymmetry addresses the following topics: chiral molecules; asymmetric signaling molecules, including N-cadherin, Shh, Fgf8, lefty1, lefty2, nodal, Pitx2, activin betaB, activin receptor IIA, and cSnR; situs abnormalities; asymmetric cell division; laterality in humans and animals; behavioral asymmetry in humans and animals; asymmetric embryopathies, including Tessier-type "clefts"; hemiasymmetries such as hemihyperplasia, hemihypoplasia, and hemiatrophy; asymmetric vascular syndromes, including Klippel-Trenaunay and Sturge-Weber syndromes; plagiocephaly of the synostotic and deformational types; somatic mosaicism, including a discussion of McCune-Albright syndrome, fibrous dysplasia, GNAS1 mutations, and Proteus syndrome."
10.	Etidronic Acid (HEDP)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2013 - "He was receiving EHDP, 200 mg/day orally, and had odynodysphagia, diffuse opioid-controlled pain, plagiocephaly, facial dysmorphism, joint calcifications, contractures, and was wheelchair bound. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Orthotic Devices (Orthosis) 11/01/1997 - "Patients with nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly have been treated surgically or with cranial remodeling orthotic devices and have shown improvement in asymmetry. " 11/01/2013 - "This article presents a prospective observational study of 45 infants enrolled with distinct plagiocephaly and treated with a custom-made helmet orthosis. " 11/01/2013 - "[Correction of pronounced plagiocephaly with orthosis : results of a prospective follow-up control]." 01/01/2013 - "Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly treatment with cranial orthosis: a case report." 09/01/2008 - "Plagiocephaly, brachycephaly and cranial orthotic devices: misshapen heads and helmets."
2.	Sutures (Suture) 03/01/1994 - "The study reports on nine patients who presented with unilateral posterior plagiocephaly and who were found to have open lambdoid sutures, but a stenosed region of the asterion. " 07/01/2014 - "The most important clinical features specific to the clinical diagnosis of synostotic occipital plagiocephaly, not present in the positional posterior plagiocephaly, were bulging of the ipsilateral mastoid process, edge effect of the synostotic lambdoid suture, tilt of the head, and slant of the bimastoid line viewed from behind, inferior deviation of the ear, and contralateral parietal bossing." 05/01/2014 - "Unilateral fusion of the frontoparietal suture is the most common cause of synostotic frontal plagiocephaly. " 09/01/2013 - "Plagiocephaly (oblique skull) is premature fusion of one of the coronal sutures. " 09/01/2012 - "Anterior plagiocephaly due to the early unilateral fusion of the coronal suture is associated to a clinical phenotype characterized by the unilateral flattening of the frontal bone and the orbit and by the distortion and maldevelopment of adjacent cranial and facial bones. "
3.	Osteopathic Manipulation 05/01/2006 - "Osteopathic manipulation also has been proposed as a treatment for torticollis, a condition associated with plagiocephaly. " 01/01/2014 - "Several studies showed the effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment on neonatal care in reducing length of stay in hospital, gastrointestinal problems, clubfoot complications and improving cranial asymmetry of infants affected by plagiocephaly. "
4.	Length of Stay 01/01/2014 - "Several studies showed the effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment on neonatal care in reducing length of stay in hospital, gastrointestinal problems, clubfoot complications and improving cranial asymmetry of infants affected by plagiocephaly. "
5.	Osteotomy 11/01/2012 - "temporo-parietal osteotomy, or fronto-parietal osteotomy, can correct the plagiocephaly with satisfactory orbito-frontal appearance. " 11/01/1997 - "Anthropometry was used to assess anatomic outcome, and results were compared in 22 children with synostotic frontal plagiocephaly who had either (1) unilateral fronto-orbital advancement ("canthal advancement") (n = 8), (2) bilateral fronto-orbital advancement/ modeling without nasal straightening (n = 7), or (3) bilateral fronto-orbital advancement/modeling with closing wedge nasal osteotomy (n = 7). " 01/01/1995 - "The Sunrise Technique: the correction of occipital plagiocephaly using bandeau occipital plate and radial osteotomies." 01/01/1994 - "In plagiocephaly: the frontal flattened flap is cut with oblique radial osteotomies starting at bregma so called "Daisy petal". " 01/01/1983 - "Plagiocephaly results from premature unilateral closure of the coronal suture with subsequent frontal and orbital asymmetry and inequality of ocular levels requiring complex osteotomies if treatment is delayed. "