Aberrant Crypt Foci

Clusters of colonic crypts that appear different from the surrounding mucosa when visualized after staining. They are of interest as putative precursors to colorectal adenomas and potential biomarkers for colorectal carcinoma.

Also Known As:

Networked: 898 relevant articles (41 outcomes, 179 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Colonic Neoplasms (Colon Cancer)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Colorectal Neoplasms (Colorectal Cancer)
4.	Inflammation
5.	Adenocarcinoma

Experts

1.	Nakajima, Atsushi: 17 articles (12/2013 - 04/2002)
2.	Tanaka, Takuji: 16 articles (01/2014 - 02/2002)
3.	Rao, Chinthalapally V: 16 articles (01/2014 - 01/2002)
4.	Takahashi, Hirokazu: 14 articles (12/2013 - 04/2008)
5.	Nakagama, Hitoshi: 14 articles (09/2012 - 04/2002)
6.	Nalini, Namasivayam: 13 articles (09/2014 - 05/2006)
7.	Endo, Hiroki: 12 articles (12/2013 - 12/2008)
8.	Caderni, Giovanna: 12 articles (03/2010 - 02/2002)
9.	Tanaka, T: 12 articles (12/2003 - 01/2000)
10.	Steele, Vernon E: 11 articles (01/2014 - 02/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Aberrant Crypt Foci:

1.	AzoxymethaneIBA 01/01/2010 - "Chemopreventive efficacy of Frondanol A5 was evaluated on azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis using colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as efficacy marker. " 01/01/2015 - "In the present study, we examined the effects of Aloe vera gel powder (AVGP) and AVGE on azoxymethane-induced colorectal preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in mice fed a HFD. " 12/14/2012 - "The objective of the present study was to explain the effects of the DF of barley Rihane (BR) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colonic bacterial diversity in rats. " 01/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether such a synergy can be demonstrated on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation in mice and rats. " 01/01/2008 - "This study examines the effect of orally administered UA on the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and intestinal SMase activity in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rats. "
2.	Dimenhydrinate (DMH)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2013 - "This study investigated the effects of Amorphophallus campanulatus tuber methanolic extract (ACME) on aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation, colonic cell proliferation, lipid peroxidative damage and the antioxidant status in a long term preclinical model of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. " 06/08/1995 - "During the course of ongoing studies to establish phenotypic differences between susceptible (SWR/J and P/J) and resistant strains, we have examined the colonic mucosa of DMH-treated mice for the presence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF). " 01/01/2015 - "The number of colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the incidence of colorectal tumours were studied after 34 weeks of DMH treatment. " 01/01/2015 - "Inhibitory effect of various breads on DMH-induced aberrant crypt foci and colorectal tumours in rats." 12/16/2012 - "The incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was 100%, with 54 ± 6 per colon, 10 weeks after the first DMH injection and reached 67 ± 12 per colon after 12 weeks. "
3.	1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (1,2 Dimethylhydrazine)IBA 11/01/2006 - "Dose dependent inhibitory effect of dietary caraway on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colonic aberrant crypt foci and bacterial enzyme activity in rats." 12/01/2005 - "The number of colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF), putative preneoplastic lesions induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, was reduced after MDT-1 administration (10(9) cfu/dose, 3 times/wk for 4 wk). " 01/01/2000 - "Inhibition by ginseng of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induction of aberrant crypt foci in the rat colon." 11/01/1997 - "Inhibition of development of N,N'-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colonic aberrant crypt foci by pre, post and simultaneous treatments with 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3." 02/26/1997 - "Specific species of intestinal bacteria influence the induction of aberrant crypt foci by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats."
4.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 06/01/2002 - "Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) have been proposed as intermediate biomarkers for colon carcinogenesis on the basis of many rodent studies. " 01/01/1999 - "Previous studies are consistent with the hypothesis that aberrant crypt foci (ACF) could be intermediate biomarkers in colorectal carcinogenesis. " 10/01/2014 - "Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are important biomarkers of sporadic CRC risk. " 09/01/2012 - "Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) have been shown to serve as a reliable surrogate marker of colorectal carcinogenesis. " 11/01/2007 - "Precursors, such as the aberrant crypt foci, have potential as early biomarkers, but consensus lacks for their clinical utility. "
5.	beta CateninIBA 05/01/2009 - "Feeding with BCAA caused a significant reduction in the number of total aberrant crypt foci and beta-catenin accumulated crypts, both of which are premalignant lesions of the colon, compared with the control diet-fed groups. " 07/01/2009 - "Beta-catenin expression is altered in dysplastic and nondysplastic aberrant crypt foci of human colon." 01/01/2009 - "Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and expression of beta-catenin in colonic mucosa were examined at 12 weeks. " 09/01/2008 - "At sacrifice, drinking water with EGCG caused a significant decrease in the number of total aberrant crypt foci, large aberrant crypt foci, and beta-catenin accumulated crypts in these mice, all of which are premalignant lesions of the colon. " 01/01/2007 - "Dietary AUR significantly reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and Beta -catenin-accumulated crypt (BCAC) in both phenotypes. "
6.	TeaIBA 06/01/2003 - "Significant reduction in the number of aberrant crypt foci and levels of lipid peroxidation among the tea-treated groups were observed. " 01/01/2001 - "Effects of green tea on colonic aberrant crypt foci and proliferative indexes in rats." 01/30/2000 - "Compared with the positive control group, green tea and tea pigments groups had less numbers of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) (P < 0.01) at the end of week 16. " 01/30/2000 - "[Effects of tea on aberrant crypt foci and colorectal tumors in rats]." 01/01/2001 - "At the end of the study there were 5.65 +/- 0.81 and 1.31 +/- 0.27 (SD) aberrant crypt foci per colon in groups given PhIP and PhIP + white tea, respectively (n = 12, P < 0.05). "
7.	EnzymesIBA 07/01/2010 - "[Effects of astragalosides on induction of colorectal aberrant crypt foci by dimethylhydrazine and metabolizing enzymes in liver microsomes in rats]." 01/01/2013 - "Probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus acidophilus suppresses DMH-induced procarcinogenic fecal enzymes and preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci in early colon carcinogenesis in Sprague Dawley rats." 07/01/2006 - "Resveratrol supplementation throughout the experimental period (group 6) exerted a more pronounced effect (P < 0.01) by modulating the development of aberrant crypt foci and the activities of bacterial enzymes than did the other treatment regimens (groups 4 and 5). " 07/01/2006 - "Dietary supplementation of resveratrol suppresses colonic tumour incidence in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated rats by modulating biotransforming enzymes and aberrant crypt foci development." 10/01/2008 - "Effect of hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, on bacterial enzymes and carcinogen-induced aberrant crypt foci in colon cancer rats: a dose-dependent study."
8.	Sulindac (Copal)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1996 - "In the present study, we examined the effect of sulindac sulphone on the formation of aberrant crypt foci, the earliest identifiable lesions in the development of colorectal cancer, in the rat colon. " 10/29/1998 - "We also prospectively examined the prevalence of aberrant crypt foci in 11 subjects (4 normal subjects, 6 with adenoma, and 1 with cancer) before and after the administration of 100 mg of sulindac three times a day for 8 to 12 months and compared the results with those in 9 untreated subjects (4 normal subjects and 5 with adenoma). " 01/01/1996 - "There was a significant reduction in the number of aberrant crypt foci in rats treated with 10 mg/kg b.d., sulindac (P = 0.001) and indomethacin at 2 mg/kg per day (P = 0.0002). " 05/01/2009 - "Chemoprevention of CRC using sulindac and aberrant crypt foci as a clinical endpoint have shown glutathione S-transferase pi as a possible new target. " 06/01/2011 - "Randomized double-blind trial of sulindac and etodolac to eradicate aberrant crypt foci and to prevent sporadic colorectal polyps."
9.	hesperetinIBA 10/01/2008 - "Effect of hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, on bacterial enzymes and carcinogen-induced aberrant crypt foci in colon cancer rats: a dose-dependent study." 06/01/2009 - "Administration of hesperetin to DMH treated rats significantly decreased the tumor incidence, the number of aberrant crypt foci with simultaneous enhancement of tissue lipid peroxidation, GST, GPx, SOD, and CAT activities. " 10/01/2008 - "The results demonstrated that hesperetin supplementation at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1) played a potent role in suppressing the formation of aberrant crypt foci and reducing the activity of bacterial enzymes in colon cancer." 06/01/2009 - "The present study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of hesperetin supplementation on colonic aberrant crypt foci, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats. " 07/15/2009 - "We have investigated the modulatory efficacy of hesperetin on aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis. "
10.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 06/01/2014 - "HD chromoendoscopy coupled with DNA mass spectrometry profiling identifies somatic mutations in microdissected human proximal aberrant crypt foci." 02/01/2005 - "In each case, there were more aberrant crypts and aberrant crypt foci, a relative DNA hypomethylation, and increased activity of DNMT in the rats fed 50 microg As/g compared to those fed 0.5 microg As/g. " 04/01/2011 - "The test antigenotoxicity (Comet Assay) and anticarcinogenic (Test of Aberrant Crypt Foci) assess changes in DNA and/or intestinal mucosa that correlate to cancer development. " 05/01/2006 - "Besides this it can also act as a chemopreventive agent in cancers of colon, stomach and skin by suppressing colonic aberrant crypt foci formation and DNA adduct formation. " 10/01/2003 - "DNA alterations in human aberrant crypt foci and colon cancers by random primed polymerase chain reaction."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Chemoprevention 10/01/2013 - "Because aberrant crypt foci (ACF), earliest preneoplastic lesions, are highly positive for K-RAS mutation, RAS inhibitors are likely to be effective for chemoprevention. " 02/12/2014 - "Chemoprevention of colonic aberrant crypt foci by Gynura procumbens in rats." 08/01/2012 - "Tp53, Gadd45a, Cdkn1a and Bax were highly expressed (9·3-, 18·3-, 5·5- and 3·5-fold, respectively) in the NDF+AOM group, whereas Cdc25c, Ccne2, E2f1 and Bcl2 were significantly suppressed ( - 9·2-, - 2·6-, - 18·4- and - 3·5-fold, respectively), among other genes, compared with the AOM group, suggesting that chemoprevention of aberrant crypt foci results from a combination of cell-cycle arrest in G1/S and G2/M phases and cell death by apoptotic induction. " 06/01/2008 - "Lack of chemoprevention of dietary Agaricus blazei against rat colonic aberrant crypt foci." 01/01/2007 - "Chemoprevention of aberrant crypt foci in the colon of rats by dietary onion."
2.	Injections 03/01/2009 - "Aberrant crypt foci were induced by 3 weekly injections of 10mg/kg AOM. " 10/21/2004 - "After AOM injections, rodents develop putative premalignant lesions called aberrant crypt foci (ACF) that are localized to the distal three centimeters of the colon. " 01/01/1998 - "15 mg/kg injections of AOM on days 1 and 8. The numbers of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were decreased by both treatments. " 01/01/2011 - "Forty-two days after the first injections of DMH for the neoplasic induction, we observed a statistically significant decrease in the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and an attenuation of the increase in cell proliferation induced by DMH in all the LE-treated groups. " 09/01/2008 - "injections of 5 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) and were killed 14 wk later for the analysis of putative preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). "
3.	Oral Administration 12/01/2005 - "Oral administration of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, a butyrate-producing bacterium, decreases the formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon and rectum of mice." 02/01/1998 - "Inhibition of dimethylhydrazine-induced aberrant crypt foci and induction of apoptosis in rat colon following oral administration of the glucosinolate sinigrin." 02/01/1991 - "Induction of aberrant crypt foci in the large intestine of F344 rats by oral administration of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine." 09/01/2000 - "The preventive effect of oral administration of viable Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colon cancers in the rat was investigated. " 09/01/2000 - "The effect of an oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain shirota on azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci and colon cancer in the rat."
4.	Subcutaneous Injections 01/01/2009 - "After 1 week on the experimental diet, the rats were administered weekly subcutaneous injections of saline or AOM for 2 weeks to induce aberrant crypt foci. " 12/21/2012 - "Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), early preneoplastic lesions of colon cancer, were induced by subcutaneous injection of DHM (40 mg/kg) twice a week for two weeks. " 07/01/2000 - "Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were induced in Fischer 344 rats via 2 subcutaneous injections of azoxymethane (20 mg/kg). " 01/01/2014 - "Colonic aberrant crypt foci were induced by azoxymethane (AOM) (15 mg/kg body weight, once-weekly subcutaneous injections at 8 and 9 weeks age). " 04/01/2008 - "In vivo, the crude extract injected intraperitoneally before the subcutaneous injection of the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, drastically reduced the number of tumors and decreased the mean size of aberrant crypt foci. "
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/15/2006 - "Acceleration of colorectal carcinogenesis was assessed by counting aberrant crypt foci after treatment with the carcinogen azoxymethane. " 01/01/2002 - "Quercetin metabolites, but not quercetin aglycone, were detected in plasma of rats fed quercetin at 20 and 50 g/kg. In a second experiment, rats were fed quercetin at 1 g/kg after treatment with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine to induce aberrant crypt foci. " 11/01/2001 - "We conclude that short term administration of glycine-extended gastrin(17) to mature rats not only has a proliferative effect upon colonic mucosa, but also increases the number of aberrant crypt foci formed in the colorectal mucosa after treatment with azoxymethane. " 05/01/1994 - "DNA adduct formation and assessment of aberrant crypt foci in vivo in the rat colon mucosa after treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea." 04/01/1995 - "Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are putative preneoplastic lesions that develop after treatment of animals with colon carcinogens, including cooked-meat heterocyclic amines such as 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ). "