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Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle

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Extra impulse-conducting tissue in the heart that creates abnormal impulse-conducting connections between HEART ATRIA and HEART VENTRICLES.

Also Known As:

Accessory Atrioventricular Pathway; Accessory Atrioventricular Pathways; Accessory Conducting Pathway; Accessory Conducting Pathways; Atrio-Hisian Bypass Tract; Atriohisian Fibers; Atriohisian Tract; Concealed Accessory Pathway; Fasciculoventricular Accessory Pathway; Fasciculoventricular Pathway; James Fibers; Kent Bundle; Mahaim Fibers; Nodoventricular Accessory Pathway; Nodoventricular Pathway; Accessory Atrioventricular Bundles; Accessory Pathway, Concealed; Accessory Pathway, Fasciculoventricular; Accessory Pathway, Nodoventricular; Accessory Pathways, Concealed; Accessory Pathways, Fasciculoventricular; Accessory Pathways, Nodoventricular; Atrio Hisian Bypass Tract; Atrio-Hisian Bypass Tracts; Atriohisian Fiber; Atriohisian Tracts; Atrioventricular Bundle, Accessory; Atrioventricular Bundles, Accessory; Atrioventricular Pathway, Accessory; Atrioventricular Pathways, Accessory; Bundle, Accessory Atrioventricular; Bundle, Kent; Bundles, Accessory Atrioventricular; Bypass Tract, Atrio-Hisian; Bypass Tracts, Atrio-Hisian; Concealed Accessory Pathways; Conducting Pathway, Accessory; Conducting Pathways, Accessory; Fasciculoventricular Accessory Pathways; Fasciculoventricular Pathways; Fiber, Atriohisian; Fibers, Atriohisian; Fibers, James; Fibers, Mahaim; Nodoventricular Accessory Pathways; Nodoventricular Pathways; Pathway, Accessory Atrioventricular; Pathway, Accessory Conducting; Pathway, Concealed Accessory; Pathway, Fasciculoventricular; Pathway, Fasciculoventricular Accessory; Pathway, Nodoventricular; Pathway, Nodoventricular Accessory; Pathways, Accessory Atrioventricular; Pathways, Accessory Conducting; Pathways, Concealed Accessory; Pathways, Fasciculoventricular; Pathways, Fasciculoventricular Accessory; Pathways, Nodoventricular; Pathways, Nodoventricular Accessory; Tract, Atrio-Hisian Bypass; Tract, Atriohisian; Tracts, Atrio-Hisian Bypass; Tracts, Atriohisian; Bundle of Kent

Networked: 120 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 10 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions
- Anatomical Pathological Conditions
  - Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle: 120

Related Diseases

1.	Tachycardia (Tachyarrhythmias)
2.	Atrial Fibrillation
3.	Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle
4.	Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia (AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia)
5.	Supraventricular Tachycardia

Experts

1.	Beurrier, D: 3 articles (01/2005 - 12/2000)
2.	Brembilla-Perrot, B: 3 articles (01/2005 - 12/2000)
3.	Houriez, P: 3 articles (01/2005 - 12/2000)
4.	Holban, I: 2 articles (10/2001 - 12/2000)
5.	Vançon, A C: 2 articles (10/2001 - 12/2000)
6.	Claudon, O: 2 articles (10/2001 - 12/2000)
7.	Belhassen, B: 2 articles (07/2001 - 09/2000)
8.	Glick, A: 2 articles (07/2001 - 09/2000)
9.	Glikson, M: 2 articles (07/2001 - 09/2000)
10.	Viskin, S: 2 articles (07/2001 - 09/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle:

1.	Ajmaline (Wolfina)FDA Link 06/01/1980 - "A single intravenous bolus of ajmaline 50 mg. was effective in blocking the bundle of Kent in all patients within 30 seconds of injection with the effect persisting for 15 minutes in one and from 25 to 60 minutes in the others. " 01/01/1990 - "Induction of block or impairment of conduction with ajmaline in the concealed accessory pathway proved helpful in the disclosure of retrograde dual atrioventricular nodal pathways by means of the ventricular extrastimulus method." 12/01/1975 - "After administration of ajmaline to 11 patients and amiodarone to 16 patients (each patient received at least one of the drugs and the two drugs were given independently to 10 patients), the occurrence of phase-3 block alone in the Kent bundle was documented in 9 patients of the 17, phase-4 block alone in 1, and phase-3 and phase-4 block together with a typical accodion in 3. In 4 patients conduction in the Kent bundle was not modified. " 12/01/1975 - "Conduction in the Kent bundle was studied in 17 patients with WPW syndrome, before and after administration of ajmaline and amiodarone. "
2.	Sotalol (Sotalol Hydrochloride)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1982 - "Sotalol, a beta adrenoceptor antagonist, was given intravenously to 15 patients with accessory atrioventricular pathways during intracardiac electrophysiological studies. " 07/01/1985 - "[Effects of oral sotalol on the conduction of accessory atrioventricular pathways]." 11/01/1993 - "Sotalol appeared to be moderately effective in atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, having somewhat greater efficacy in the case of atrioventricular (AV) nodal re-entrant tachycardia due to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or concealed accessory pathway. "
3.	Flecainide (Tambocor)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1994 - "Use-dependent properties of flecainide acetate in accessory atrioventricular pathways." 05/01/1989 - "In all patients the flecainide treatment blocked the conduction through the bundle of Kent (normal PR, no delta wave), then the treatment was stopped and the elimination kinetics of flecainide were studied while a Holter 24h ECG monitoring was performed; thus we could extrapolate the flecainide plasma concentrations at which, during the elimination phase, the PR interval became short and the delta wave reappeared. " 05/01/1989 - "[Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of flecainide in cardiac pre-excitation of the bundle of Kent]." 08/01/1987 - "Flecainide plasma concentrations correlated to inhibition of a bundle of Kent." 10/01/1985 - "[Effects of oral and injectable flecainide in patients with an accessory atrioventricular pathway]."
4.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1983 - "For instance, verapamil was more effective in SVT due to AV nodal re-entry than in SVT due to concealed accessory pathway. " 04/01/1993 - "On the basis of the observations we attributed the phenomenon to alternating conduction between early and late phase of the AV nodal relative refractory period due to the AV nodal refractory period lengthened by verapamil except a few patients in whom verapamil unmasked the presence of concealed accessory pathways or dual AV nodal pathways as hypothesized by some scholars." 04/01/1996 - "[Role of a "bystander" concealed accessory pathway in the response to verapamil and flecainide treatment in a patient with nodal reentry tachycardia]." 09/15/1987 - "Dual or accessory atrioventricular pathways, present in 14 cases, appear to have been suppressed in 9. The effect on the sinus node was of particular interest: The corrected sinus node recovery time was strongly prolonged by verapamil in 6 patients, 5 of whom had undergone surgery with extensive atrial reconstruction (Senning 2, anomalous pulmonary venous return 3) and 1 of whom had undergone correction of tetralogy of Fallot. "
5.	Propafenone (Rythmol)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1987 - "In the three patients with a concealed accessory pathway, propafenone terminated reentrant tachycardia in all three and prevented reinduction of the tachycardia in two. " 06/01/1987 - "The efficacy and safety of intravenous propafenone was studied in 10 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and in 2 patients with a concealed accessory pathway. " 01/01/1991 - "We studied the electrophysiologic effects of oral propafenone on induction of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in 10 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (5 manifest and 5 concealed accessory pathways). " 07/01/1994 - "In accordance with the electrophysiologic profile, intravenous and oral propafenone is an effective agent for treatment of supraventricular tachycardia based on a reentry mechanism and due to abnormal automaticity (i.e., supraventricular tachycardia based on an accessory atrioventricular pathway, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, junctional ectopic tachycardia, and atrial ectopic tachycardia). "
6.	Disopyramide (Norpace)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1989 - "These data support the intravenous use of disopyramide in patients with normal ventricular function who have atrial fibrillation and a predominant ventricular response over an accessory atrioventricular pathway." 12/01/1978 - "Therapy with disopyramide should therefore be useful in preventing ventricular fibrillation which can result from a rapid ventricular response to atrial fibrillation in patients with an accessory atrioventricular pathway. " 01/01/1984 - "Type I antiarrhythmic drugs, especially disopyramide and quinidine, were effective for the treatment of the re-entry tachycardia because of their depressive action on the nodoventricular pathway. "
7.	Anti-Arrhythmia AgentsIBA 11/01/1983 - "Direct endocardial recording from an accessory atrioventricular pathway: localization of the site of block, effect of antiarrhythmic drugs, and attempt at nonsurgical ablation." 01/01/1982 - "In 10 patients with ventricular preexcitation (Kent bundle), in whom atrial fibrillation (A.F.) was present, the effect of some common antiarrhythmic drugs on the conduction through the anomalous pathway, and on the ventricular rate was estimated. " 01/01/1984 - "Type I antiarrhythmic drugs, especially disopyramide and quinidine, were effective for the treatment of the re-entry tachycardia because of their depressive action on the nodoventricular pathway. "
8.	Quinidine (Chinidin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1984 - "Type I antiarrhythmic drugs, especially disopyramide and quinidine, were effective for the treatment of the re-entry tachycardia because of their depressive action on the nodoventricular pathway. "
9.	EncainideIBA 09/01/1984 - "Clinical efficacy and electrophysiologic effects of intravenous and oral encainide in patients with accessory atrioventricular pathways and supraventricular arrhythmias." 08/01/1984 - "The effect of intravenous and oral encainide was studied in 12 patients with an accessory atrioventricular pathway (AP). " 08/01/1984 - "Electrophysiologic and clinical effects of intravenous and oral encainide in accessory atrioventricular pathway." 07/01/1987 - "In both patients with nodoventricular pathways, anterograde AV nodal and VA conduction were prolonged by encainide and tachycardia was no longer inducible. " 07/01/1987 - "Three patients with drug-resistant atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia and two patients with reciprocating tachycardia associated with nodoventricular pathways received oral encainide after a control drug-free electrophysiologic study. "
10.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1985 - "In addition, one of the ten patients required amiodarone and three required nonpharmacologic therapy (catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction (one), surgical ablation of the Kent bundle and/or bundle of His (two). " 01/01/1984 - "Oral amiodarone was more effective than intravenous amiodarone in lengthening the anterograde effective refractory period of the accessory atrioventricular pathway. " 08/01/1976 - "By registering the potentials of the bundle of His and by using the stimulus-test technique, we were able to measure the refractory periods of the atrium and of the normal and accessory conducting pathways both before and during the first 40 minutes after an intra-atrial injection of 5 mg/kg of amiodarone chlorhydrate. " 02/01/1978 - "After treatment with amiodarone, the patient became asymptomatic and a repeat study showed that the features of the atrioventricular nodal bypass tract were no longer present and though re-entry tachycardias using the accessory atrioventricular pathway could still be induced, their rates were slower than before treatment. " 09/01/1997 - "We describe a case of a patient with an accessory atrioventricular pathway and orthodromic tachycardia who developed cardiac arrest by wide QRS tachycardia after receiving intravenous amiodarone."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Catheters 01/01/2006 - "The first successful surgical division of an atrioventricular accessory pathway (bundle of Kent), by Sealy and his coworkers at the Duke University Medical Center in 1967, led to the modern era of curative transcatheter ablation for WPW patients by radiofrequency alternative current or, nowadays, by transvenous cryoablative catheter techniques. " 04/01/1998 - "Feasibility of RF ablation using a simplified two-catheter technique from a femoral approach was studied in 97 consecutive patients with a manifest or concealed accessory pathway located at the anteroseptal, mid-septal, and para-Hisian areas. " 11/01/1993 - "To determine the predictors of successful radiofrequency current ablation of an accessory pathway using the single-catheter approach, we retrospectively analyzed 46 consecutive patients with left sided accessory atrioventricular pathways and manifest preexcitation. " 08/01/1993 - "One of the patients had Kent bundle in the lateral wall of the left ventricle, and the tip of the catheter could be easily confirmed with transverse views. " 05/01/1989 - "Catheter technique for ablation of accessory atrioventricular pathway: long-term results."
2.	Electrodes (Electrode) 08/01/1988 - "Transcatheter ablation of a left posterolateral free wall accessory atrioventricular pathway using radiofrequency current and a bipolar epicardial-endocardial electrode configuration was attempted in a 19-year-old woman. " 08/01/1988 - "Modification of a left-sided accessory atrioventricular pathway by radiofrequency current using a bipolar epicardial-endocardial electrode configuration." 10/01/1991 - "Recent investigations have shown that cure of patients with symptomatic tachyarrhythmias related to an accessory atrioventricular pathway may be achieved by closed-chest electrode catheter ablation of the accessory connection. " 10/01/1992 - "This study confirms that RF ablation with a large-tip electrode catheter is an effective and relatively safe non-surgical method for treatment of free wall accessory atrioventricular pathway-mediated tachyarrhythmias." 11/01/1988 - "This study tested the capability of low-power radiofrequency current delivered through a bipolar "epicardial-endocardial" catheter electrode configuration to produce discrete epicardial left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) necrosis adjacent to the mitral anulus for potential application in ablating left free-wall accessory atrioventricular pathways. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 02/01/1978 - "After treatment with amiodarone, the patient became asymptomatic and a repeat study showed that the features of the atrioventricular nodal bypass tract were no longer present and though re-entry tachycardias using the accessory atrioventricular pathway could still be induced, their rates were slower than before treatment. "
4.	Cryosurgery 11/01/2013 - "We report a case of successful cryoablation of a concealed accessory pathway from the right atrial appendage to the right ventricle in an infant. " 01/01/1990 - "Epicardial cryosurgery as used in ablation of accessory atrioventricular pathways: effect on valvular function in the dog." 11/01/1988 - "Anaesthetic management for surgical cryoablation of accessory conducting pathways: a review and report of 181 cases." 01/01/1980 - "Accessory atrioventricular pathway in an infant: prediction of location with body surface maps and ablation with cryosurgery." 02/01/1990 - "In performing this approach for patients with the left parietal or posteroseptal pathway through median sternotomy, special technical strategies are necessary to keep hemodynamic status stable during dissection and cryoablation procedures, because in these cases apex of the heart has to be retracted upward to approach the Kent bundle site. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/1991 - "Finally accepted treatment were empirical drug therapy in 85 per cent, electrophysiologically controlled medical treatment in 12.5 per cent, pacemaker therapy in 1 per cent, and ablative procedures (catheter ablation and surgical Kent bundle dissection) in 2.5 per cent. " 09/01/1993 - "Paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias due to accessory atrioventricular pathways are usually not completely suppressible with antiarrhythmic drug therapy. " 06/29/1991 - "Tachyarrhythmias mediated by an accessory atrioventricular pathway and which are refractory to drug therapy have been treated surgically with variable success. "