Endoleak

Postoperative hemorrhage from an endovascular AORTIC ANEURYSM repaired with endoluminal placement of stent grafts (ENDOVASCULAR ANEURYSM REPAIR). It is associated with pressurization, expansion, and eventual rupture of the aneurysm.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2703 relevant articles (101 outcomes, 208 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Aneurysm (Aneurysms)
2.	Endoleak
3.	Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
4.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
5.	False Aneurysm (Pseudoaneurysm)

Experts

1.	de Vries, Jean-Paul P M: 23 articles (03/2022 - 09/2008)
2.	Moll, Frans L: 22 articles (01/2020 - 02/2004)
3.	Oderich, Gustavo S: 21 articles (06/2022 - 11/2011)
4.	Donas, Konstantinos P: 20 articles (06/2022 - 01/2009)
5.	Torsello, Giovanni: 19 articles (10/2021 - 04/2011)
6.	van Herwaarden, Joost A: 18 articles (06/2022 - 02/2007)
7.	Kölbel, Tilo: 18 articles (03/2022 - 06/2013)
8.	Czerny, Martin: 18 articles (01/2022 - 02/2004)
9.	Lee, Jason T: 17 articles (03/2022 - 12/2003)
10.	Alric, Pierre: 17 articles (01/2021 - 06/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Endoleak:

1.	Contrast MediaIBA 05/01/2006 - "The sensitivity in the detection of endoleak was significantly improved with contrast material-enhanced color duplex US compared with unenhanced color duplex US (P < .05); however, no significant difference was found regarding the specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy between unenhanced and enhanced color duplex US (P > .05). " 02/01/2009 - "Our aim was to compare follow-up with duplex ultrasound, with and without a new contrast agent to track endoleaks, versus computed tomography angiography taken as the gold standard. " 06/01/2007 - "The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Cadence Contrast Pulse Sequencing ultrasound technique with second generation contrast agents in detecting endoleaks, and to compare the results with data obtained from CTA. " 01/01/2009 - "CTA was supposed to be gold standard for determining the presence of endoleaks (multislice CT, collimation 16 x 0.75 mm, 100 ml of iodized contrast agent bolus). " 02/01/2003 - "We have evaluated the efficacy of duplex ultrasound scan with the addition of an ultrasound scan contrast agent in documenting endoleaks and compared these results with CTA. "
2.	Fibrin Tissue Adhesive (Fibrin Sealant)IBA 08/01/2010 - "The preventive method of intrasac "thrombization" using fibrin glue injection with or without the insertion of coils proves to be a simple, low cost, safe, and effective technique to significantly reduce the risk of type II endoleaks irrespective of the endograft used." 01/01/2023 - "Nonselective preemptive embolization with porcine fibrin sealant during EVAR was safe and effective in preventing type II endoleak in the short and mid-term. " 01/01/2023 - "This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of applying fibrin sealant to prevent type II endoleak in conjunction with EVAR. " 03/21/2023 - "Fibrin glue sac filling could prevent short-term type II endoleaks and promote AAA shrinkage after 6 months. " 03/21/2023 - "Fibrin Glue Sac Filling for Preventing Type II Endoleak, Short-Term Outcomes of a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial."
3.	ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymerIBA 10/01/2013 - "To determine the feasibility and efficacy of transarterial endoleak embolization using the liquid embolic agent ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx). " 02/01/2023 - "Outcome and technical evolution of type 2 endoleak embolization with ethylene-vinyl-alcohol copolymer." 12/01/2021 - "Embolization of Type 2 Endoleaks in the Abdominal Aorta Using Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer. " 12/01/2021 - "Embolization of Type 2 Endoleaks in the Abdominal Aorta Using Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer. " 12/01/2021 - "Embolization of Type 2 Endoleaks in the Abdominal Aorta Using Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer."
4.	EnbucrilateIBA 02/01/2021 - "Comparison of Cost and Efficacy of Trufill® vs Histoacryl® n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate for Translumbar Type 2 Endoleak Embolization." 08/01/2023 - "The endoleak cavity was accessed via the dorsal pancreatic artery, and embolization using N-butyl cyanoacrylate and coils was successfully performed. " 01/01/2022 - "Ischemic Lumbar Plexopathy After Transarterial Embolization of Type II Endoleak Using N-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate." 12/01/2018 - "In this case, we report a rare complication after translumbar injection of n-butyl cyanoacrylate to occlude a persistent type II endoleak. " 12/01/2018 - "Compression of endograft limb after translumbar embolization of a type II endoleak using n-butyl cyanoacrylate."
5.	Tranexamic Acid (AMCA)FDA Link 08/01/2015 - "eComment: Treating endoleak type 2 and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy after EVAR with tranexamic acid: the efficacy of killing two birds with one stone." 08/20/2022 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate tranexamic acid (TA) for the prevention of type II endoleak (EL2) at a high level of evidence by a randomized controlled trial. " 08/01/2015 - "Reappearance of the endoleak when tranexamic acid was accidentally stopped and its re-closure after the resumption of tranexamic acid treatment confirmed causality. " 08/01/2015 - "This singular experience extends prior published observations that administration of prophylactic tranexamic acid before thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair and endovascular aneurysm repair resulted in significantly greater shrinkage, particularly if an endoleak or coagulopathy was present. " 08/01/2015 - "Orally administered tranexamic acid mitigated and partially reversed two and a half years of progressive aneurysmal expansion and closed a persistent endoleak after thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair and endovascular aneurysm repair for coexisting lesions. "
6.	IodineIBA 01/01/2017 - "Reconstructions without MAR and iodine MD images provided improved endoleak visualization in 6/10 (60%) of cases (median 1 for both) compared to MAR (median 3) (p < 0.001). " 01/01/2016 - "Computed tomography (CT) remains the gold standard for follow-up, but provides no hemodynamic information on endoleaks and has the disadvantages of exposing patients to iodine contrast and X-ray radiation. " 03/01/2022 - "DECTA image data were employed to calculate the normalized effective atomic number (NZeff), the normalized iodine concentration, the slope of HUendoleak/HUaorta against monochromatic energy, the dual-energy index and an improvised endoleak index (EI) for each T2EL. " 01/01/2019 - "Finally, by increasing the iodine conspicuity, contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT can render an area of free active extravasation or endoleak more visible, compared with conventional single-energy CT. " 01/01/2017 - "However, MAR impaired endoleak visualization in 6/10 (60%) cases and should be reviewed combined with 60 keV standard reconstructions and iodine MD images."
7.	Warfarin (Coumadin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2017 - "Smoking (P = 0.002) and warfarin (P = 0.044) were protective factors for development of type II endoleak, whereas age (P = 0.034), right iliac artery tortuosity (P = 0.031), and right (P = 0.008) and left external iliac diameters (P = 0.028) were risk factors for endoleak. " 01/01/2017 - "Two- and four-year freedom rates for persistent type II endoleaks were significantly lower in patients of the warfarin group compared with the control group (85 and 49% vs 93 and 91%, respectively; P = 0.0001). " 02/01/2014 - "The pooled effects analysis found that EVAR patients receiving long-term warfarin postoperatively had significantly more endoleaks of any type (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.48, p=0.001) as well as persistent type II endoleaks (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.37, p=0.03) compared with patients not on anticoagulation; however, there was no statistically significant difference in the reintervention rate between the groups. " 08/01/2010 - "The overall endoleak rate was 13 of 24 in the warfarin group and 25 of 103 in the antiplatelet group (P = .004). " 08/01/2010 - "We investigated whether warfarin anticoagulation was an independent risk factor for endoleak after EVAR for AAA. "
8.	Elastomers (Elastomer)IBA 04/19/2023 - "Angiography of the endoleak was performed, all lumbar arteries connected to the endoleak were visualized, and AneuFix elastomer was injected into the endoleak cavity and short segment of the lumbar arteries. " 04/01/2011 - "With the type III endoleak, the disruption in the graft material was sealed by the elastomer, while the entire porous graft was encased in elastomer in the type IV endoleak setup. " 04/19/2023 - "Initial Clinical Experience With AneuFix Injectable Biocompatible Elastomer for Translumbar Embolization of Type 2 Endoleaks." 04/01/2011 - "Treatment of types II-IV endoleaks by injecting biocompatible elastomer (PDMS) in the aneurysm sac: an in vitro study." 04/01/2011 - "While the circulation setup running, the aneurysm was filled with contrast medium and then the biocompatible PDMS elastomer was injected to exclude the endoleaks and the perigraft area. "
9.	Polyethylene Terephthalates (Polyethylene Terephthalate)IBA 04/01/2014 - "However, no study has rigorously examined endoleak rates in Dacron landing zones vs native aorta. " 01/01/2023 - "We additionally performed wrapping of the endograft junction by a Dacron knitted fabric in 1 case with type III endoleak and aortic neck banding in 4 cases with type I endoleak. " 03/01/2021 - "An interposition Dacron graft with felt pledgets is a novel bail-out option for the open reconstruction of a type III endoleak with total endograft preservation. " 05/01/2018 - "The adoption of Dacron landing zones appears to be associated with very low rates of reintervention due to endoleaks." 10/01/2016 - "Treatment of a Type Ia Endoleak After EVAR and Iliac Branch Device with Partial Proximal Stentgraft Explantation and Dacron Graft Interposition."
10.	HydrogelsIBA 07/01/2005 - "Prophylactic residual aneurysmal sac embolization with expandable hydrogel embolic devices for endoleak prevention: preliminary study in dogs." 12/01/2017 - "Altogether, CH-DOX hydrogels appear to be promising new multifunctional embolic agents for the treatment of endoleaks. " 01/01/2022 - "The mean operative time was 333 (standard deviation 98) min. Postoperative computed tomography angiography did not reveal type I and IIIc endoleaks from the hydrogel-reinforced fenestrations. " 07/01/2005 - "To explore the feasibility and efficacy of residual aneurysmal sac (RAS) embolization with the expandable hydrogel embolic device (EHED) in prevention of endoleaks in a surgically created and endoluminally treated abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). " 12/01/2015 - "Hydrogel-coated coils have been used in the management of visceral aneurysms, high-flow vascular arteriovenous fistulae, and endoleaks after endovascular thoracic and abdominal aneurysm repair. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Stents 01/01/2011 - "Endoleak is a frequent issue after initial covered stent placement, but can be eliminated or dramatically reduced to minimal endoleak by additional covered stent placement and/or balloon reinflation. " 11/01/2022 - "However, despite associated excellent postoperative results it is incredibly important to recognize potential adverse complications such as negative aortic remodeling, endoleak, and distal stent-graft induced new entry so that outcomes can be further improved. " 08/01/2018 - "The procedure seems to be safe and effective, with optimal primary patency of the stent grafts, freedom from type 1, 2, and 3 endoleaks, and absence of pelvic ischemic complications." 01/01/2018 - "The procedure seems to be safe and effective, with optimal primary patency of the stent grafts, freedom from type 1 and 2 endoleaks, and absence of pelvic ischemic complications in the short-term and mid-term." 08/01/2007 - "of the study was to evaluate successful access to the arterial site, safety and efficacy of stent placement and fixation, assessment of endoleaks, patency of the graft due to twists, kinks or obstruction within the first 30 days after the procedure. "
2.	Endovascular Aneurysm Repair 08/01/2022 - "The best treatment option for type IA endoleak after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is its avoidance by understanding the underlying disease process, having/creating adequate landing zones, as well as respecting anatomy in combination with knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of the TEVAR device used." 12/01/2011 - "Quantification of aortic tortuosity using CT angiograms may help to predict whether an endoleak will develop after thoracic endovascular aortic repair, and this quantification method may become an important tool for risk stratification before thoracic endovascular aortic repair." 01/01/2024 - "This institutional retrospective review demonstrates that TCE is an effective and safe option for type 2 endoleaks after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) in selected patients with favorable anatomy. " 01/01/2020 - "This report presents the treatment of an aortic endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) device failure, focusing on the use of colour duplex ultrasound (CDUS) to diagnose and confirm effective treatment of a type IIIb endoleak. " 12/01/2015 - "The goal of this study was to present open surgical conversion with graft salvage or "semiconversion" as a definitive and safe treatment for untreatable and persistent type II endoleaks causing sac enlargement after endovascular aneurysm repair. "
3.	Therapeutics 01/01/2002 - "Direct translumbar embolization of the endoleak is effective in the elimination of type 2 leaks and should be the therapy of choice when aggressive endoleak management is indicated." 04/01/2014 - "This study aims to determine whether these therapies affect the incidence of endoleaks or sac size expansions after EVAR. " 07/01/2006 - "This model does not require direct surgery to the aorta and its side branches and promises to be useful to study the mechanism of and therapy for type II endoleaks." 05/15/2023 - "Reintervention was required to correct a postoperative endoleak; however, a favorable outcome was achieved with endovascular therapy." 01/01/2017 - "We analyzed whether different antiplatelet therapies were independent risk factors for type II endoleak (T2E) persistence and midterm sac growth after EVAR. "
4.	Ligation 05/07/2021 - "Laparoscopic lumbar artery ligation may be a safe and effective alternative treatment for type II endoleaks, especially in high resource settings." 01/01/2017 - "This is a new technique that has not been reported before, and as such, had been useful in the treatment of type II endoleak from IIA as an alternative to open ligation of IIA origin." 12/01/2017 - "The aim of this study was to assess the perioperative and midterm efficacy of laparoscopic ligation of the IMA for treatment of endoleak. " 12/01/2017 - "MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane databases and key references were searched with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology for studies reporting on laparoscopic ligation of the IMA for treatment of type II endoleak after EVAR. " 07/01/2022 - "Synchronous laparoscopic sigmoidectomy and high ligation of inferior mesenteric artery for type 2 endoleak treatment appears to be applicable with hopeful results."
5.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 11/01/2017 - "Two patients (15.4%) had an endoleak: one type-Ia, detected by CO2-DSA and effectively treated with prosthesis dilatation; one type-III, detected by CO2-DSA, confirmed using 10 ml of ICM, and conservatively managed. " 01/01/2019 - "Compared to DSA and CE-CTA, the proposed MRI methods provide improved anatomical and functional information for various types of endoprostheses and endoleaks. " 09/17/2023 - "Type IIIb Endoleaks: Fabric Perforations of Explanted New Generation Endoprostheses." 01/01/2023 - "CTAG thoracic endoprosthesis had fewer dSINE even with larger oversizing and potentially suitable for type III arch with fewer type Ia endoleaks." 09/19/2022 - "Three (7.9%) distal infoldings and collapses of the thoracic endoprosthesis and one (2.6%) type Ia endoleak were observed. "