Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Chronic ESOPHAGITIS characterized by esophageal mucosal EOSINOPHILIA. It is diagnosed when an increase in EOSINOPHILS are present over the entire esophagus. The reflux symptoms fail to respond to PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS treatment, unlike in GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. The symptoms are associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food or inhalant allergens.

Also Known As:

Networked: 362 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 27 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Eosinophilia
2.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
3.	Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
4.	Rhinitis
5.	Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (Loeffler Endocarditis)

Experts

1.	Rothenberg, Marc E: 35 articles (10/2015 - 03/2002)
2.	Dellon, Evan S: 16 articles (01/2016 - 04/2010)
3.	Collins, Margaret H: 16 articles (01/2015 - 07/2004)
4.	Aceves, Seema S: 15 articles (08/2015 - 09/2005)
5.	Furuta, Glenn T: 15 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
6.	Putnam, Philip E: 14 articles (11/2014 - 01/2003)
7.	Katzka, David A: 13 articles (07/2015 - 07/2005)
8.	Spergel, Jonathan M: 12 articles (09/2015 - 02/2002)
9.	Straumann, Alex: 12 articles (01/2013 - 07/2002)
10.	Lucendo, Alfredo J: 11 articles (10/2015 - 04/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Eosinophilic Esophagitis:

1.	Budesonide (Pulmicort)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2010 - "Oral viscous budesonide is effective in children with eosinophilic esophagitis in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial." 09/01/2015 - "4) Eosinophilic esophagitis: topical budesonide and exclusion diets are reasonably effective in PPI non-responders. " 11/01/2010 - "Budesonide is effective in adolescent and adult patients with active eosinophilic esophagitis." 05/01/2011 - "Long-term budesonide maintenance treatment is partially effective for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis." 08/01/2015 - "We sought to determine the prevalence of adrenal suppression (AS) in children with eosinophilic esophagitis treated with oral viscous budesonide (OVB). "
2.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 05/01/2011 - "Topical corticosteroids are effective in inducing clinical and histologic remission in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). " 06/01/2008 - "We report on a case of eosinophilic esophagitis effectively treated with systemic corticosteroids. " 03/01/2015 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is commonly treated with swallowed (topical) corticosteroids (tCS). " 12/01/2014 - "Swallowed topical corticosteroids are the standard therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in adults. " 09/01/2014 - "Swallowed topical corticosteroids reduce the risk for long-lasting bolus impactions in eosinophilic esophagitis."
3.	fluticasone (Cutivate)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2015 - "Histological Response to Fluticasone Propionate in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis Is Associated With Improved Functional Esophageal Mucosal Integrity." 11/01/2006 - "We aimed to determine the efficacy of swallowed fluticasone propionate (FP) in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis. " 11/01/2006 - "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluticasone propionate for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis." 08/01/2014 - "We evaluated the efficacy and safety of high-dose swallowed fluticasone propionate (FP) and dose reduction in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and analyzed esophageal transcriptomes to identify mechanisms. " 08/01/2014 - "Efficacy, dose reduction, and resistance to high-dose fluticasone in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis."
4.	montelukast (Singulair)FDA Link 01/01/2012 - "Montelukast and maintenance of steroid-induced remission in eosinophilic esophagitis." 12/01/2011 - "Montelukast was inefficient in maintaining steroid-induced remission in adult eosinophilic esophagitis." 05/01/2011 - "Montelukast has minimal risk of adverse reactions compared with steroid therapy and may offer clinical relief in a small subset of children with eosinophilic esophagitis. " 05/01/2011 - "No previous reports have described the use of montelukast in the management of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. " 05/01/2011 - "Observations on use of montelukast in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis: insights for the future."
5.	Proton Pumps (Proton Pump)IBA 03/01/2013 - "Editorial: Should patients with suspected eosinophilic esophagitis undergo a therapeutic trial of proton pump inhibition?" 01/01/2013 - "To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of eosinophilic esophagitis demonstrated by positron emission tomography imaging and confirmed with endoscopic evaluation and biopsies both after positron emission tomography imaging and a trial of proton pump inhibitor therapy. " 03/01/2009 - "The first Asian case report of eosinophilic esophagitis in an asymptomatic adult: what about a proton pump inhibitor trial?" 10/01/2014 - "The natural history of steroid-naïve eosinophilic esophagitis in adults treated with endoscopic dilation and proton pump inhibitor therapy over a mean duration of nearly 14 years." 02/01/2013 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, presenting a dense mucosal infiltration of eosinophils that is not reversible with proton pump inhibitor therapy. "
6.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)FDA Link 03/01/2013 - "Functional luminal imaging probe topography: an improved method for characterizing esophageal distensibility in eosinophilic esophagitis." 01/01/2011 - "This study aimed to analyze the mechanical properties of the esophagus in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) using the functional luminal imaging probe (EndoFLIP; Crospon Medical Devices, Galway, Ireland). " 09/01/2007 - "In 30 patients (m : f, 27 : 3; mean age 36.2 years) with eosinophilic esophagitis, endoscopic findings were prospectively classified according to luminal diameter and mucosal pattern. " 08/01/2014 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic antigen driven disease, whereby food and/or aeroallergens result in inflammation and luminal narrowing, and the clinical symptoms of dysphagia and food bolus obstruction events (FBOE). "
7.	InterleukinsIBA 11/01/2011 - "The role of interleukin (IL)-5 in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has been established in animal models; anti-IL-5 therapy has been reported to be effective in adults. " 07/01/2013 - "Pathogenesis of allergen-induced eosinophilic esophagitis is independent of interleukin (IL)-13." 12/01/2003 - "Primary eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic, increasingly recognized, interleukin 5-driven inflammatory disorder of the esophagus. " 07/01/2013 - "Several studies have shown that interleukin (IL)-13 is induced in the esophageal biopsies of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients and promotes esophageal eosinophilia in mice, following an IL-13 challenge. " 07/01/2014 - "In addition, it has been shown that a number of cells and interleukins involved in Th2 inflammation such as invariant natural killer T cells, basophils, and interleukin-9 are important in eosinophilic esophagitis pathogenesis. "
8.	mepolizumabIBA 07/01/2010 - "Mepolizumab does not alter levels of eosinophils, T cells, and mast cells in the duodenal mucosa in eosinophilic esophagitis." 12/01/2006 - "Anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis." 01/01/2009 - "Mepolizumab also appears to be an effective therapy for hypereosinophilic syndrome while other trials have shown efficacy of mepolizumab therapy in eosinophilic esophagitis. " 01/01/2009 - "Anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy does not alter IL-5 receptor alpha levels in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis."
9.	AllergensIBA 12/01/2015 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic disease triggered by food allergens with an increasing prevalence. " 10/01/2015 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by destructive responses of the immune system to environmental allergens, including food, on the human esophagus. " 01/01/2015 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disease of the esophagus triggered by foods and possibly environmental allergens. " 01/01/2015 - "The role of food allergens is well established in the pathogenesis and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis. " 01/01/2014 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is attributable to environmental factors, allergens and several immunological causes. "
10.	SteroidsIBA 01/01/2015 - "Current guidelines recommend topical steroids as first-line treatment for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). " 08/01/2015 - "Steroids therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis." 07/01/2014 - "Steroids versus dietary therapy for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis." 06/01/2014 - "Steroids in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis." 05/01/2013 - "Esophageal biopsies from pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis before and after therapy with topical steroids (N=7) were screened by gene expression microarray and results were validated by RT-PCR. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy 12/01/2014 - "Oral food immunotherapy and iatrogenic eosinophilic esophagitis: an acceptable level of risk?" 07/01/2014 - "Diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis in an infant undergoing milk oral immunotherapy - a case report." 08/01/2013 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis treated with immunotherapy to dust mites." 01/01/2013 - "Previous case reports suggested that eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) might develop as a long-term complication in children after completion of oral immunotherapy. " 01/01/2013 - "Induction of eosinophilic esophagitis by sublingual pollen immunotherapy."
2.	Fundoplication 04/01/2010 - "Diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis after fundoplication for 'refractory reflux': implications for preoperative evaluation." 08/01/2015 - "Under recognition of eosinophilic esophagitis in these patients may lead to excessive use of antireflux therapy and an escalation of interventions, including fundoplication, as symptoms may be attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease. " 03/01/2012 - "There were three abnormalities associated with food impaction: eosinophilic esophagitis (23/43; 53%), prior esophageal atresia repair (11/43; 26%), and prior Nissen fundoplication (5/43; 12%). " 10/01/1997 - "Failed Nissen fundoplication in two patients who had persistent vomiting and eosinophilic esophagitis." 01/01/2002 - "The major importance of identifying eosinophilic esophagitis is that affected patients are receiving fundoplication for persistent symptoms when, in fact, corticosteroids or diet restriction is the treatment of choice."
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 05/01/2015 - "Pharmacotherapy for eosinophilic esophagitis." 06/01/2013 - "Management of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) centers around the 3 Ds: diet, drug therapy, and dilation. " 03/01/2011 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder manifesting itself predominantly in reflux-type symptoms that do not respond to standard anti-reflux pharmacotherapy. " 04/01/2008 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis: management and pharmacotherapy." 06/01/2015 - "A combination of PPIs and corticosteroids is the pharmacotherapy mostly used to treat eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), while dietetic manipulations consist also an efficient option. "
4.	Diet Therapy (Therapy, Diet) 01/01/2015 - "The review includes information about the effects of different methods of diet therapy on the severity of eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa and symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis." 01/01/2015 - "[Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: current approaches to diet therapy]." 07/01/2013 - "Diet therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis: when, why and how." 01/01/2015 - "The review describes the basic strategy of eosinophilic esophagitis diet therapy in adult patients: elemental diet, allergy testing-directed food elimination diet and empirical elimination diet. " 02/01/2009 - "Regardless of the diet therapy selected, a complete nutrition assessment by a registered dietitian with expertise in the management of food allergies is recommended for all patients diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis."
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 11/01/2014 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis after organ transplantation and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: more questions than answers." 08/01/2014 - "Eosinophilic esophagitis in children following cardiac transplantation: association with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and other transplant outcomes."