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Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

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A visual impairment characterized by the accumulation of fluid under the retina through a defect in the retinal pigment epithelium.

Also Known As:

Central Serous Retinopathy; Central Serous Chorioretinopathies; Central Serous Retinopathies; Chorioretinopathies, Central Serous; Chorioretinopathy, Central Serous; Retinopathies, Central Serous; Retinopathy, Central Serous; Serous Chorioretinopathies, Central; Serous Chorioretinopathy, Central; Serous Retinopathies, Central; Serous Retinopathy, Central

Networked: 713 relevant articles (71 outcomes, 84 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Eye Diseases: 2132
- Retinal Diseases: 1278
  - Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: 713

Related Diseases

1.	Choroidal Neovascularization
2.	Macular Degeneration (Age-Related Maculopathy)
3.	Macular Edema
4.	Atrophy
5.	Diabetic Retinopathy (Retinopathy, Diabetic)

Experts

1.	Spaide, Richard F: 13 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Yannuzzi, Lawrence A: 13 articles (07/2014 - 01/2002)
3.	Freund, K Bailey: 10 articles (09/2015 - 10/2002)
4.	Duker, Jay S: 7 articles (11/2015 - 11/2005)
5.	Tsujikawa, Akitaka: 7 articles (04/2015 - 11/2007)
6.	Jampol, Lee M: 7 articles (10/2011 - 01/2002)
7.	Iida, Tomohiro: 7 articles (10/2011 - 01/2002)
8.	Lam, Dennis S C: 7 articles (07/2011 - 08/2002)
9.	Yoshimura, Nagahisa: 7 articles (03/2011 - 11/2007)
10.	Arevalo, J Fernando: 6 articles (12/2015 - 06/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Central Serous Chorioretinopathy:

1.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 01/01/2015 - "Severe visual loss can follow reduced fluence PDT for central serous chorioretinopathy. " 01/01/2015 - "The authors reviewed the clinical and imaging records over a 2-year period of a case of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy treated with PDT. " 01/01/2015 - "Half-dose PDT has proved to produce similar results and safety profile in treating central serous chorioretinopathy. " 02/01/2014 - "Ten consecutive eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy underwent PDT, and later, 11 eyes were observed without treatment. " 02/01/2012 - "LFV-PDT treatment for patients with long-standing chronic central serous chorioretinopathy results in anatomical and functional improvement (sustained disappearance of the exudative phenomenon in most cases and increased BCVA in more than two-thirds of the cases). "
2.	verteporfin (Visudyne)FDA Link 09/01/2009 - "On the basis of the results of this study and available information regarding the expected rate of spontaneous resolution, 30% verteporfin dose seems to be safe and effective in the treatment of acute central serous chorioretinopathy." 01/01/2013 - "Profile of verteporfin and its potential for the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy." 12/01/2012 - "Choroidal thickness following extrafoveal photodynamic treatment with verteporfin in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy." 08/01/2012 - "Verteporfin was granted the orphan drug designation for the treatment of chronic or recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). " 01/01/2009 - "To report a case of bullous central serous chorioretinopathy associated with subretinal exudates and a tear of the retinal pigment epithelium imaged using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and treated successfully with reduced fluence verteporfin photodynamic therapy. "
3.	bevacizumab FDA Link 02/01/2010 - "Our results indicate that intravitreal bevacizumab injection may be a new, promising treatment option for select patients with idiopathic persistent central serous chorioretinopathy. " 02/01/2013 - "To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). " 02/01/2013 - "The efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for acute central serous chorioretinopathy." 12/01/2011 - "To evaluate the efficacy of intavitreal injection of bevacizumab in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. " 07/01/2011 - "To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). "
4.	Indocyanine Green (Cardio-Green)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1996 - "Advanced methods for indocyanine green (ICG) video-fluorescence angiography provide improved evaluation of choroidal blood flow disturbances in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). " 05/01/2010 - "The purpose of this study was to examine indocyanine green angiography of eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). " 01/01/1995 - "The purpose of this study is to better characterise, on the basis of a large number of cases and follow-up evaluations, choroidal abnormalities recently observed with indocyanine green (ICG) angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). " 08/01/2014 - "To describe the spectrum of ultra-widefield autofluorescence (AF) and indocyanine green (ICG) angiographic findings in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). " 08/01/2014 - "Ultra-widefield imaging with autofluorescence and indocyanine green angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy."
5.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 09/01/2009 - "For each patient, the central serous retinopathy-affected eye had a significantly greater retinal FPF when compared with the retinal FPF of the unaffected eye. " 07/10/2012 - "Letter by Lee et al regarding article, "Spontaneous resolution of central serous chorioretinopathy in a patient with congenital retinal macrovessel"." 12/20/2011 - "Spontaneous resolution of central serous chorioretinopathy in a patient with congenital retinal macrovessel." 07/01/2008 - "To study the pattern of cystoid retinal changes in the posterior fundi of eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). " 09/01/2006 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare retinal function and morphology in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using fundus perimetry and optical coherence tomography (OCT). "
6.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "We report a case of central serous chorioretinopathy evaluated and treated successfully with SD-OCT without the use of fluorescein angiography." 06/01/2012 - "This study aims to compare the topographic distribution of retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) single-layer retinal pigment epithelium (SL-RPE) map and fluorescein angiography for the first time. " 04/01/2010 - "To study the natural course of changes observed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on spectral domain OCT transverse and RPE fit C-scans corresponding to the leakage point observed on fundus fluorescein angiograms in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). " 03/01/2010 - "To study the demography, various morphological patterns and fluid dynamics of the smokestack leak by fluorescein angiography (FA) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). " 11/01/2006 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional optical coherence tomographic findings at the leakage point on fluorescein angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with OCT-ophthalmoscope. "
7.	ArgonIBA 11/01/1982 - "The authors examined 19 patients who were suffering from central serous chorioretinopathy were treated with argon laser beams with a special user-defined program of the Octopus computerized perimeter. " 12/01/1977 - "Argon laser treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy." 01/01/1975 - "Low intensity argon laser coagulation in central serous retinopathy (csr)." 12/01/2003 - "[Clinical study of argon laser photocoagulation for central serous chorioretinopathy]." 06/01/1996 - "To assess the long-term outcome of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR) among a group of patients who previously participated in a prospective argon laser photocoagulation study of CSR. "
8.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 08/01/2014 - "To evaluate the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared with observation for treating acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). " 08/01/2014 - "Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor versus observation in acute central serous chorioretinopathy: one-year results." 12/01/2015 - "Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy as a primary therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to central serous chorioretinopathy is safe and efficacious, without any serious adverse events." 09/01/2011 - "Photodynamic therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy and idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and as combination therapy with anti-VEGF agents in age-related macular degeneration. " 10/01/2010 - "Aqueous humor and plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy."
9.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 06/01/2015 - "Associations Between Topical Ophthalmic Corticosteroids and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Taiwanese Population-Based Study." 09/01/2014 - "Risk of central serous chorioretinopathy in adults prescribed oral corticosteroids: a population-based study in Taiwan." 03/01/2015 - "Central serous chorioretinopathy secondary to corticosteroids in patients with atopic disease." 01/01/2015 - "Central serous chorioretinopathy must be kept in mind by rheumatologists as it is related to systemic corticosteroids." 01/01/2015 - "Central serous chorioretinopathy is a disorder often related to systemic corticosteroids, drugs commonly used in rheumatologists' clinical practice. "
10.	CurcuminIBA 01/01/2013 - "These results, albeit preliminary, confirm our previous finding that this curcumin delivery system is effective in the management of central serous chorioretinopathy. " 01/01/2013 - "Oral administration of a curcumin-phospholipid delivery system for the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy: a 12-month follow-up study." 01/01/2012 - "Pilot study of oral administration of a curcumin-phospholipid formulation for treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy." 01/01/2012 - "The purpose of this open-label study was to investigate the effect of a curcumin-phospholipid (lecithin, Meriva(®)) formulation (Norflo(®) tablet) on visual acuity and retinal thickness in patients with acute or chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. " 01/01/2012 - "Our results, albeit preliminary, show that curcumin administered as Norflo tablets is efficacious for the management of central serous chorioretinopathy, a relapsing eye disease, and suggest that bioavailable curcumin is worth considering as a therapeutic agent for the management of inflammatory and degenerative eye conditions, including those that activate the retinal microglia."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 01/01/2014 - "The photodynamic therapy may be effective in the management of selected cases with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. " 01/01/2012 - "Multiple studies showed that photodynamic therapy is useful treatment for acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. " 01/01/2014 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy as the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. " 08/01/2015 - "Long-term efficacy of half-dose photodynamic therapy on chronic central serous chorioretinopathy." 08/01/2013 - "To evaluate the efficacy of reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy (RFPDT) for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). "
2.	Lasers (Laser) 02/01/2013 - "Treatment of patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy with subthreshold laser improved the best-corrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity compared with those in the observation group. " 02/01/2015 - "Photothermal therapy using 577-nm PASCAL laser with Endpoint Management graphic user interface was safe, and it improved visual acuity and resolution of subretinal fluid in chronic central serous retinopathy. " 02/01/2015 - "To assess the safety and efficacy of a single session of subthreshold micropulse (SM) yellow laser (577 nm) in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). " 01/01/2014 - "To assess the efficacy of navigated laser (Navilas(®)) treatment for central serous chorioretinopathy. " 08/01/2001 - "The purpose of this study was to observe the varied types of manifestations in the fundus of patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) without laser treatment and also to assess the ultimate visual outcome in such cases in a long-term follow-up ranging from 7 to 23 years. "
3.	Light Coagulation 08/01/1997 - "The authors of previous studies on the role of photocoagulation for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR) have based their deductions on the premise that a Snellen visual acuity of 6/6 is the end point of recovery. " 06/01/2013 - "Exacerbation of central serous chorioretinopathy following PASCAL photocoagulation." 09/01/2009 - "In a prospective study, 15 consecutive patients with central serous chorioretinopathy and single leakage points were treated with photocoagulation between 2 days and 8 weeks after onset of symptoms. " 09/01/2009 - "To investigate the effect of early photocoagulation in central serous chorioretinopathy. " 12/01/2008 - "Subthreshold diode micropulse photocoagulation for the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with juxtafoveal leakage."
4.	Semiconductor Lasers 11/01/2008 - "To verify the efficacy of nonvisible micropulse diode laser irradiation in the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). " 09/01/2013 - "Micropulse diode laser treatment for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: a randomized pilot trial." 03/01/2015 - "Low-intensity/high-density subthreshold microPulse diode laser for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy." 11/01/2008 - "Nonvisible subthreshold micropulse diode laser (810 nm) treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. " 03/01/2015 - "To evaluate the visual outcomes and macular thickness change in patients with symptomatic chronic central serous chorioretinopathy after treatment with a subthreshold MicroPulse diode laser. "
5.	Laser Therapy (Surgery, Laser) 02/01/2013 - "The purpose of the study was to measure the improvement in vision and contrast sensitivity in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy after macular subthreshold laser therapy. " 02/01/2013 - "Improvement in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy after macular subthreshold laser therapy." 01/01/2002 - "On a group of 18 eyes the authors evaluate their experience with medicamentous and laser therapy of central serous chorioretinopathy. " 12/01/1980 - "[Laser therapy in central serous retinopathy (author's transl)]." 01/01/1980 - "[Laser therapy in central serous chorioretinopathy]."