Genu Valgum

An inward slant of the thigh in which the knees are close together and the ankles far apart. Genu valgum can develop due to skeletal and joint dysplasias (e.g., OSTEOARTHRITIS; HURLER SYNDROME); and malnutrition (e.g., RICKETS; FLUORIDE POISONING).

Also Known As:

Networked: 87 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 7 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Arthritis (Polyarthritis)
4.	Osteoarthritis
5.	Genu Varum

Experts

1.	Peng, Kuo-Ti: 2 articles (01/2015 - 01/2015)
2.	Huang, Kuo-Chin: 2 articles (01/2015 - 01/2015)
3.	Hsu, Robert Wen-Wei: 2 articles (01/2015 - 01/2015)
4.	Lin, Shih-Jie: 2 articles (01/2015 - 01/2015)
5.	Lee, Mel S: 2 articles (01/2015 - 01/2015)
6.	Huang, Tsan-Wen: 2 articles (01/2015 - 01/2015)
7.	Shen, Wun-Jer: 2 articles (01/2015 - 01/2015)
8.	Lee, Chien-Ying: 2 articles (01/2015 - 01/2015)
9.	Wang, Jun-Wen: 2 articles (03/2006 - 01/2005)
10.	Hsu, Chia-Chen: 2 articles (03/2006 - 01/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Genu Valgum:

1.	Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone)IBA 07/01/1976 - "Circulating levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) were estimated in fifteen normal subjects and twenty-five subjects suffering from the skeletal fluorosis, ten of whom had associated endemic genu valgum. " 07/01/1976 - "Circulating levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in endemic genu valgum." 07/01/1995 - "A 12-year-old girl had a severe genu valgum deformity and osteomalacia with hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria, and modestly elevated levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and intact parathyroid hormone. "
2.	CalciumIBA 01/01/1979 - "1. Calcium turnover was determined after intravenous injection of radioactive 47Ca in patients with fluorosis and endemic genu valgum and in age-matched controls. " 09/01/1986 - "The characteristic features (genu valgum, rickets, short stature, increased renal phosphate excretion, decreased serum phosphorus level, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level, and normal serum calcium level) were comparable to those in hypophosphatemic vitamin D resistant rickets. "
3.	Mutant Proteins (Protein, Mutant)IBA 03/01/2015 - "Following a retrospective analysis of all of them a skeletal phenotype associated with short stature, hypertelorism, nose abnormalities, microcephaly, osteopenia and genu valgum, independent of both the type of mutation and the presence of the mutant protein was identified. "
4.	Estrogen Receptor alphaIBA 02/28/2010 - "ERalpha disruption in human males results in delayed epiphyseal maturation, tall stature, trabecular thinning, marked cortical thinning, genu valgum and significantly reduced cortical vBMD, but trabecular number is preserved and there is normal to increased periosteal expansion. "
5.	Collagen Type II (Type II Collagen)IBA 01/01/2006 - "Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) Strudwick type is a rare autosomal dominant condition arising from defects in COL2A1 the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of procollagen type II. The orthopaedic manifestations of patients can be hypoplastic odontoid peg with atlantoaxial instability, severe kyphosis or lordosis of dorsal and lumbar spines, hip subluxation, coxa vara and early severe hip osteoarthritis, and malalignment of lower limbs like genu valgum or club foot. "
6.	Human Growth Hormone (Saizen)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2003 - "Epiphyseal stapling and recombinant human growth hormone for correction of genu valgum in children with chronic renal insufficiency."
7.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 02/07/1974 - "Letter: Bowlegs, knock-knees and vitamin D status in schoolchildren."
8.	Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)IBA 09/01/1977 - "Circulating levels of growth hormone in endemic genu valgum."
9.	PhosphorusIBA 09/01/1986 - "The characteristic features (genu valgum, rickets, short stature, increased renal phosphate excretion, decreased serum phosphorus level, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level, and normal serum calcium level) were comparable to those in hypophosphatemic vitamin D resistant rickets. "
10.	IronIBA 08/21/1948 - "Treatment of genu valgum; the discarded iron."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Arthroplasty 01/01/2015 - "Constrained implants are frequently used for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with moderate and severe genu-valgum (>10˚). " 12/01/2008 - "Total-knee arthroplasty and alignment osteotomy are well studied for genu valgum. " 01/01/2015 - "Erratum to: Improved femoral component rotation in advanced genu valgum deformity using computer-assisted measured resection total knee arthroplasty." 01/01/2015 - "Improved femoral component rotation in advanced genu valgum deformity using computer-assisted measured resection total knee arthroplasty." 11/01/2000 - "The purpose of the current study was to review results of primary constrained condylar knee arthroplasty in elderly patients with genu valgum deformity. "
2.	Knee Prosthesis 12/01/1997 - "[Complete knee prosthesis in severe genu valgum. " 11/01/2000 - "The use of the Constrained Condylar Knee prosthesis for elderly patients with low physical demands with genu valgum resulted in significant pain relief and improved function."
3.	Osteotomy 06/01/2013 - "This study does not support the impression that a proximal femoral osteotomy for LCPD predisposes to clinically discernable degrees of genu valgum in children who have had 20° of varus angulation at the osteotomy site and who have avoided weight-bearing for a prolonged period following surgery. " 01/01/2009 - "The purpose of the present study was to analyze the surgical results of distal femoral varus osteotomy in patients with genu valgum. " 01/01/2015 - "A corrective osteotomy of the left proximal tibia because of progressive genu valgum was carried out at four years following the first operation. " 06/01/2014 - "The distal femoral 'V' shaped osteotomy is a simple procedure for the correction of genu valgum in individuals nearing skeletal maturity and is easy to perform. " 06/01/2014 - "Wedgeless 'V' shaped distal femoral osteotomy with internal fixation for genu valgum in adolescents and young adults."
4.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 01/01/2015 - "This represents a viable alternative to the constrained-prosthesis using a medial-parapatellar approach in patients with moderate and severe genu-valgum. " 01/01/2004 - "For genu valgum and thin legs, a solid prosthesis was used, whereas for severe hemiatrophy a double light prosthesis was used as a tissue expansor, with excellent reports. " 11/01/2011 - "For the genu varum and genu valgum subgroups, the mean posterior condylar axis of the femoral prosthesis was 3.1° (SD: 1.91; extremes 0° to 17.5°) and 4.7° (SD: 2.7; extremes 0° to 11°) respectively. " 12/01/1995 - "74 medial prostheses were placed for correction of genu varum (mean deviation: 8.5°) and 24 lateral prostheses were placed for correction of genu valgum (mean deviation: 13.5°).90 prostheses were cementless (92%). " 05/01/2006 - "The series included 178 women and 122 men, mean age 72 +/- 8 years who presented genu varum (n = 248 knees) and genu valgum (n = 52 knees): degenerative disease (n = 238), polyarthritis (n = 4), hemophilic arthropathy (n = 3), necrosis (n = 3), revision of unicompartmental prosthesis (n = 8), and osteotomy (n = 44). "
5.	Tenotomy 02/01/2014 - "The surgical procedure was customized to each patient's deformity, consisting of the following steps: 1. Complete proximal to distal surgical decompression of the peroneal nerve 2. Radical release and mobilization of the severe quadriceps contracture and iliotibial band contracture 3. Distal lateral hamstring lengthening/tenotomy and lateral collateral ligament release 4. Proximal and distal realignment of the subluxed/dislocated patella, medial and lateral retinacular release, vastus medialis advancement, patellar chondroplasty, medial patellofemoral ligament plication, and distal patellar realignment by Roux-Goldthwait technique or patellar tendon transfer with tibial tubercle relocation 5. Proximal tibial varus osteotomy with partial fibulectomy and anterior compartment release 6. Occasionally, distal femoral osteotomy In all cases, the combination of radical soft-tissue release, patellar realignment and bony osteotomy resulted in 10° or less of genu valgum at the time of surgical correction. "